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宾语用来表示及物动词（短语）的动作对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语。宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或宾语从句等充当。宾语是高考的常考点，主要出现在单项选择、完形填空或短文改错中，下面就结合近年考题对宾语的常考点归纳分析如下：
一、名词（短语）作宾语
1. She went to the bookstore and bought ____.(06北京)
A. dozen books B. dozens books
C. dozen of books D. dozens of books
[分析]D。名词短语作动词宾语， dozen表示确定的数目时，不用复数，但其后名词用复数；如果与of连用，表示不确定的数目时，则须用复数。
2. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has
to know their ____ and weaknesses. (06湖北)
A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values
[分析]A。考查用作宾语的名词的区别。strengths“力量，优点”，benefits“利益”，techniques“技术”，values“价值”，只有A项最符合句意，句意为“为了让全体队员表现得更好，教练首先要了解每个人的优缺点。”
3. Always read the ____ on the bottle carefully and take the right
amount of medicine.(06福建)
A. explanations B. instructions
C. descriptions D. introductions
[分析]B。 explanations“解释”，instructions“说明书，指导”，descriptions“描述”，introductions“介绍”，由句意可知选B。
二、代词作宾语
1. If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you
take ____? I won’t read them this week. (06浙江)
A. all B. any C. either D. both
[分析]D。不定代词作动词宾语。 all指三者或三者以上的“都，全部”，any“一些”， either两者之中的“任一”， both指两者“都，全部”，由the two books或I won’t read them 可知用both。
2. I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re taking me for ____. (05安徽) A. some other B. someone else
C. other person D. one other
[分析]B。不定代词作介词宾语，some other作定语，other person或oneother搭配不当。
3. We haven’t enough books for ____; some of you will have to share.
(05全国)
A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody
[分析]C。不定代词作介词宾语，somebody “某人”，anybody “任何人”，everybody“每个人”，nobody“没有人”，句意为“我们没有足够的书发给每个人，你们中的一些人将不得不共用。”只有everybody符合句意。
三、考查非谓语动词作宾语
1.不定式作宾语或不定式的复合结构作宾语。
（1）afford, agree, attempt, choose, decide, hope, expect, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, want, wish等动词后只能接不定式作宾语。如：
I can’t stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses____ talking while she works.(06北京)
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
[分析]C。can’t stand后接v-ing，refuse后接不定式作宾语。
（2） 在及物动词tell, teach, advice, show, decide, know, consider, except， see, ask, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等动词或介词之后可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。如：
It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____．(02NMET)
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
[分析]C。know在本题中后接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语， what…do with“如何处理”。
（3）不定式的复合结构作宾语，复合结构用来表示动作的发出者。如：My advisor encouraged ____ a summer course to improve my writing
skills. (04北京)
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
[分析]D。encourage后接不定式的复合结构作宾语。
（4）动词不定式作宾语时，如果后面跟有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，把动词不定式放到句子后面，构成“主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do sth.”句式，使用这种句型的常见动词为believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think等。如：
① The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to
speak at the meeting.(05全国)
A. that B. it C. this D. him
[分析]B。 think后接复合宾语，不定式短语“to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting”有形容词necessary修饰，作宾语补足语，只能用it 作形式宾语，而把不定式短语放在后面。
② As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ____ her duty to look
after all the other people’s affairs in that town. (06湖南)
A. this B. that C. one D. it
[分析]D。made后接复合宾语，it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语“to lookafter all the other people’s affairs in that town”。
2.动名词或动名词的复合结构作宾语
（1）动词或动词短语admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help， stand（忍受）, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, insist on, mind, miss（错过）, suggest（建议）等的后面只能接动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。如：
① The parents suggested ____ in the hotel room but their kids were
anxious to camp out during the trip. (06 上海)
A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept
[分析]C。suggest“建议”，后接动名词作宾语，根据语境，应用动名词的一般式。
② There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. Mygoodness!I can’t imagine ____ that old. (06江苏)
A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been
[分析]C。imagine sb./sth. to be adj./n.意为“把……想象成”，不符合句意。imagine接动名词作宾语，D项表示的动作发生的时间在谓语动词之前，不符合句意，应用being。
（2）动名词在介词后作宾语，注意 get down to（着手干……）， lead to （通向，导致）， object to（反对）， pay attention to（注意）， look forward to （盼望）， be used to（习惯于）等短语中的to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。如：
Isn’t it time you got down to ____ the papers?(06重庆)
A. mark B. be marked
C. being marked D. marking
[分析]D。 get down to+名词/动名词，主语是动作的执行者，应用marking。
（3）动名词的复合结构是在动名词前加上表示人的名词、名词所有格、人称代词宾格或物主代词来表示动作的发出者。如：
① It is difficult to imagine his ____ the decision without any
consideration.(06陕西)
A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted
[分析]B。imagine后接动词作宾语时，应用动名词。
② The discovery of new evidence led to ____.(03上海)
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
[分析]C。lead to后接动名词的复合结构作宾语，A项动名词表示的动作在谓语动词之前，不符合句意，答案为C。
（4）有些动词后可搭配不定式，也可搭配动名词，但含义不同。need, require, want等后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，接不定式表示主动意义。remember/forget to do sth.表示记住/忘记去做某事，事还未做； remember/forget doing sth. 表示记起/忘记曾做过某事，事已做。regret doing sth.为已经做了某事而感到抱歉或遗憾。regret to do sth.为将要做某事而感到抱歉或遗憾。mean doing sth.意味着做某事，mean to do sth.打算干某事。try to do sth.设法去做某事，try doing sth.试着做某事。stop to do sth.停止做某事而去做另一件事，不定式表示目的，stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。can’t help to do sth. 不能帮忙做某事，can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事。go on to do sth.做完一件事，继续做下一件事，go on doing sth.一件事未做完继续做。如：
① After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and ____ on the
head with a rod. (06江西)
A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked； to be hit
C. attacking； be hit D. having been attacked； hit
[分析]D。动作发生在谓语动词之前，应用动名词，主语是谓语动词的承受者，应用动名词的完成被动式。
② If you think that treating a woman well means always ____ her
permission for things, think again. (06湖南)
A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting
[分析]D。mean doing sth.意味着做某事，mean to do sth.打算干某事，前者符合句意。
（5）动名词作宾语时，如果其后跟有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，把动名词放到句子后面。如：
I do not consider it worthwhile spending too much time on telephone conversation. 我认为电话交谈太久不值。
四、从句作宾语
1.宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句的引导词有连接代词what, who, which等；从属连词whether, if；以及连接副词when, where, how等。其中连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等；从属连词在从句中不作成分；连接副词在从句中作状语。
（1）连接代词或连接副词的用法
① ——Could you do me a favor? ——It depends on ____ it is.
(06北京)
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
[分析]C。本题是宾语从句作介词宾语，连词在从句中作表语，表示性质，应用what。
② He spoke loudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ____
his teammates had done.(06上海)
A. what B. which C. why D. while
[分析]A。由句式可以看出，是考查mentioning后的宾语从句，从句谓语do为及物动词，从句缺少宾语，which表示一定范围内的选择，因此只能用what。
（2）that与what的区别
that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何词义；what 引导宾语从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。如：
① With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action.(06湖南)
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
[分析]B。本题是考查feeling pleased后的宾语从句，从句为主系表结构，句意完整，不缺句子成分，表达肯定意义，应用that。
② ——What did your parents think about your decision?
——They always let me do ____ I think I should. (06全国Ⅱ)
A. when B. that C. how D. what
[分析]D。 what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，I think是插入语。
（3）whether与if的区别
二者在引导宾语从句中常可互换。但在下列情况下只能用whether：（1）宾语从句置于句首时。（2）宾语从句在介词后时。（3）后面紧跟or not。（4）用if容易引起混淆时。（5）引导从句，作主语、表语或同位语。（6）与带to的不定式连用。（7）在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中。下列情况下只能用if：（1）if可以用来引导一个否定的宾语从句，whether则不能。（2）if可以引导条件状语从句，而whether不能。如：
We haven’t decided the question of ____ it is necessary for him to
study abroad. (06江苏)
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
[分析]C。本题考查介词后的宾语从句，排除if，从句中有状语，排除where，从句句意为“是否有必要去国外学习”，应用whether。
2．语序
在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句都用陈述语序，即用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定，注意特殊疑问词作主语时，本身已是陈述语序。如：
I just wonder ____ that makes him so excited. (06山东)
A. why it does B. what he does
C. how it is D. what it is
[分析]D。本题作宾语从句的是一个强调句的特殊疑问句，应用陈述语序，宾语从句缺少主语，应用what。
3．时态
主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句中的谓语动词可根据意义的需要，用任何一种时态；主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，从句应用相应的过去某种时态，如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，从句不受主句的限制，仍用一般现在时。如：
① Customers are asked to make sure that they ____ the right change
before leaving the shop. (06重庆)
A. will give B. have been given
C. have given D. will be given
[分析]B。give这一动作发生在leave之前，应用完成时，主语是动作的承受者，应用现在完成时的被动语态。
② The reporter said that the UFO ____ east to west when he saw it.
(2000全国)
A. was travelling B. travelled
C. had been traveling D. was to travel
[分析]A。从语境可知宾语从句的动作是过去当时正在发生，用过去进行时。
4.否定转移
当主句为“I/We think/believe/suppose/expect…”，如果是that引导宾语从句，又是not构成的否定时，常将not转移到否定主句谓语上，其反意疑问句常就从句进行反问，如果主句主语不是第一人称，则不能否定转移。如：
① I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, ____? (01上海)
A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
[分析]C。本题陈述部分是一个否定转移的句子，反意疑问句应就从句进行反问，从句为否定句，简短问句用肯定式。
② Mrs Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera,
____? (02上海)
A. is he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t she D. does she
[分析]D。主语不是第一人称，本题不是否定转移，反意疑问句与主句保持一致。
5.if/when引导状语从句与引导宾语从句的区别
if充当宾语从句的连接词时意为“是否”；充当从属连词，引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，词义为“什么时候”；充当从属连词，引导时间状语从句时，词义为“当……的时候”。if和when作连接词，引导宾语从句时，宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的谓语动词的时态作相应的变化，if和when充当从属连词，引导表示将来动作或状态的状语从句时，若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。如：
I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile
phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he ____ home for
dinner. (06辽宁)
A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come
[分析]D。句意为“我认为我19岁的儿子有必要有自己的手机，因为我有时想弄清楚他是否会回来吃饭。” if引导宾语从句，表示的是一个将来的动作，应用一般将来时。
6．it作形式宾语
如果宾语从句有补语时，宾语从句用it代替，从句后置。有些动词的后面不能直接跟从句，而只能用形式宾语it, 如like, love, hate, appreciate等。如：
① Don’t ____ that all those who get good grades in the entrance
examination will prove to be most successful. (98上海)
A. take as granted B. take this for granted
C. take that for granted D. take it for granted
[分析]D。take it for granted意为“想当然”，it作形式宾语，that从句后置。
② I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use thecomputer.(06山东)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
[分析]B。 appreciate用it作形式宾语，从句后置。
五、考查it作宾语时的特殊用法
it作宾语时与一些动词或介词构成一些习语，如make it（成功），catch it（挨说，受处罚），help it（应付得了），for it（为了对付某种情况），at it（积极地干）等。如：
If I can help ____, I don’t like working late into the night. (06全国) A. so B. that C. it D. them
[分析]C。 help it是习语，表示“应付得了”。
六、直接宾语和间接宾语
在某些动词的后面往往同时出现直接宾语和间接宾语，这样的动词有bring, fetch, give, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, send, show, take, sing, have, make等。如：
Please remind me ____ he said he was going. I may be in time tosee him off. (06全国)
A. where B. when C. how D. what
[分析]B。从句子成分判断，本题考查作直接宾语的宾语从句的引导词。从后一句“要及时给对方送行”看，说话者关心的是对方走的时间，因此用when引导宾语从句，he said是插入语。
综上所述，宾语的考查内容主要涉及以上六点，因此掌握宾语特点、把握考点是学好宾语的关键。
一、名词（短语）作宾语
1. She went to the bookstore and bought ____.(06北京)
A. dozen books B. dozens books
C. dozen of books D. dozens of books
[分析]D。名词短语作动词宾语， dozen表示确定的数目时，不用复数，但其后名词用复数；如果与of连用，表示不确定的数目时，则须用复数。
2. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has
to know their ____ and weaknesses. (06湖北)
A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values
[分析]A。考查用作宾语的名词的区别。strengths“力量，优点”，benefits“利益”，techniques“技术”，values“价值”，只有A项最符合句意，句意为“为了让全体队员表现得更好，教练首先要了解每个人的优缺点。”
3. Always read the ____ on the bottle carefully and take the right
amount of medicine.(06福建)
A. explanations B. instructions
C. descriptions D. introductions
[分析]B。 explanations“解释”，instructions“说明书，指导”，descriptions“描述”，introductions“介绍”，由句意可知选B。
二、代词作宾语
1. If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you
take ____? I won’t read them this week. (06浙江)
A. all B. any C. either D. both
[分析]D。不定代词作动词宾语。 all指三者或三者以上的“都，全部”，any“一些”， either两者之中的“任一”， both指两者“都，全部”，由the two books或I won’t read them 可知用both。
2. I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re taking me for ____. (05安徽) A. some other B. someone else
C. other person D. one other
[分析]B。不定代词作介词宾语，some other作定语，other person或oneother搭配不当。
3. We haven’t enough books for ____; some of you will have to share.
(05全国)
A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody
[分析]C。不定代词作介词宾语，somebody “某人”，anybody “任何人”，everybody“每个人”，nobody“没有人”，句意为“我们没有足够的书发给每个人，你们中的一些人将不得不共用。”只有everybody符合句意。
三、考查非谓语动词作宾语
1.不定式作宾语或不定式的复合结构作宾语。
（1）afford, agree, attempt, choose, decide, hope, expect, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, want, wish等动词后只能接不定式作宾语。如：
I can’t stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses____ talking while she works.(06北京)
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
[分析]C。can’t stand后接v-ing，refuse后接不定式作宾语。
（2） 在及物动词tell, teach, advice, show, decide, know, consider, except， see, ask, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等动词或介词之后可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。如：
It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____．(02NMET)
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
[分析]C。know在本题中后接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语， what…do with“如何处理”。
（3）不定式的复合结构作宾语，复合结构用来表示动作的发出者。如：My advisor encouraged ____ a summer course to improve my writing
skills. (04北京)
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
[分析]D。encourage后接不定式的复合结构作宾语。
（4）动词不定式作宾语时，如果后面跟有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，把动词不定式放到句子后面，构成“主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do sth.”句式，使用这种句型的常见动词为believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think等。如：
① The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to
speak at the meeting.(05全国)
A. that B. it C. this D. him
[分析]B。 think后接复合宾语，不定式短语“to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting”有形容词necessary修饰，作宾语补足语，只能用it 作形式宾语，而把不定式短语放在后面。
② As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ____ her duty to look
after all the other people’s affairs in that town. (06湖南)
A. this B. that C. one D. it
[分析]D。made后接复合宾语，it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语“to lookafter all the other people’s affairs in that town”。
2.动名词或动名词的复合结构作宾语
（1）动词或动词短语admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help， stand（忍受）, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, insist on, mind, miss（错过）, suggest（建议）等的后面只能接动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。如：
① The parents suggested ____ in the hotel room but their kids were
anxious to camp out during the trip. (06 上海)
A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept
[分析]C。suggest“建议”，后接动名词作宾语，根据语境，应用动名词的一般式。
② There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. Mygoodness!I can’t imagine ____ that old. (06江苏)
A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been
[分析]C。imagine sb./sth. to be adj./n.意为“把……想象成”，不符合句意。imagine接动名词作宾语，D项表示的动作发生的时间在谓语动词之前，不符合句意，应用being。
（2）动名词在介词后作宾语，注意 get down to（着手干……）， lead to （通向，导致）， object to（反对）， pay attention to（注意）， look forward to （盼望）， be used to（习惯于）等短语中的to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。如：
Isn’t it time you got down to ____ the papers?(06重庆)
A. mark B. be marked
C. being marked D. marking
[分析]D。 get down to+名词/动名词，主语是动作的执行者，应用marking。
（3）动名词的复合结构是在动名词前加上表示人的名词、名词所有格、人称代词宾格或物主代词来表示动作的发出者。如：
① It is difficult to imagine his ____ the decision without any
consideration.(06陕西)
A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted
[分析]B。imagine后接动词作宾语时，应用动名词。
② The discovery of new evidence led to ____.(03上海)
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
[分析]C。lead to后接动名词的复合结构作宾语，A项动名词表示的动作在谓语动词之前，不符合句意，答案为C。
（4）有些动词后可搭配不定式，也可搭配动名词，但含义不同。need, require, want等后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，接不定式表示主动意义。remember/forget to do sth.表示记住/忘记去做某事，事还未做； remember/forget doing sth. 表示记起/忘记曾做过某事，事已做。regret doing sth.为已经做了某事而感到抱歉或遗憾。regret to do sth.为将要做某事而感到抱歉或遗憾。mean doing sth.意味着做某事，mean to do sth.打算干某事。try to do sth.设法去做某事，try doing sth.试着做某事。stop to do sth.停止做某事而去做另一件事，不定式表示目的，stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。can’t help to do sth. 不能帮忙做某事，can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事。go on to do sth.做完一件事，继续做下一件事，go on doing sth.一件事未做完继续做。如：
① After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and ____ on the
head with a rod. (06江西)
A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked； to be hit
C. attacking； be hit D. having been attacked； hit
[分析]D。动作发生在谓语动词之前，应用动名词，主语是谓语动词的承受者，应用动名词的完成被动式。
② If you think that treating a woman well means always ____ her
permission for things, think again. (06湖南)
A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting
[分析]D。mean doing sth.意味着做某事，mean to do sth.打算干某事，前者符合句意。
（5）动名词作宾语时，如果其后跟有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，把动名词放到句子后面。如：
I do not consider it worthwhile spending too much time on telephone conversation. 我认为电话交谈太久不值。
四、从句作宾语
1.宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句的引导词有连接代词what, who, which等；从属连词whether, if；以及连接副词when, where, how等。其中连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等；从属连词在从句中不作成分；连接副词在从句中作状语。
（1）连接代词或连接副词的用法
① ——Could you do me a favor? ——It depends on ____ it is.
(06北京)
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
[分析]C。本题是宾语从句作介词宾语，连词在从句中作表语，表示性质，应用what。
② He spoke loudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ____
his teammates had done.(06上海)
A. what B. which C. why D. while
[分析]A。由句式可以看出，是考查mentioning后的宾语从句，从句谓语do为及物动词，从句缺少宾语，which表示一定范围内的选择，因此只能用what。
（2）that与what的区别
that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何词义；what 引导宾语从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。如：
① With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action.(06湖南)
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
[分析]B。本题是考查feeling pleased后的宾语从句，从句为主系表结构，句意完整，不缺句子成分，表达肯定意义，应用that。
② ——What did your parents think about your decision?
——They always let me do ____ I think I should. (06全国Ⅱ)
A. when B. that C. how D. what
[分析]D。 what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，I think是插入语。
（3）whether与if的区别
二者在引导宾语从句中常可互换。但在下列情况下只能用whether：（1）宾语从句置于句首时。（2）宾语从句在介词后时。（3）后面紧跟or not。（4）用if容易引起混淆时。（5）引导从句，作主语、表语或同位语。（6）与带to的不定式连用。（7）在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中。下列情况下只能用if：（1）if可以用来引导一个否定的宾语从句，whether则不能。（2）if可以引导条件状语从句，而whether不能。如：
We haven’t decided the question of ____ it is necessary for him to
study abroad. (06江苏)
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
[分析]C。本题考查介词后的宾语从句，排除if，从句中有状语，排除where，从句句意为“是否有必要去国外学习”，应用whether。
2．语序
在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句都用陈述语序，即用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定，注意特殊疑问词作主语时，本身已是陈述语序。如：
I just wonder ____ that makes him so excited. (06山东)
A. why it does B. what he does
C. how it is D. what it is
[分析]D。本题作宾语从句的是一个强调句的特殊疑问句，应用陈述语序，宾语从句缺少主语，应用what。
3．时态
主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句中的谓语动词可根据意义的需要，用任何一种时态；主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，从句应用相应的过去某种时态，如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，从句不受主句的限制，仍用一般现在时。如：
① Customers are asked to make sure that they ____ the right change
before leaving the shop. (06重庆)
A. will give B. have been given
C. have given D. will be given
[分析]B。give这一动作发生在leave之前，应用完成时，主语是动作的承受者，应用现在完成时的被动语态。
② The reporter said that the UFO ____ east to west when he saw it.
(2000全国)
A. was travelling B. travelled
C. had been traveling D. was to travel
[分析]A。从语境可知宾语从句的动作是过去当时正在发生，用过去进行时。
4.否定转移
当主句为“I/We think/believe/suppose/expect…”，如果是that引导宾语从句，又是not构成的否定时，常将not转移到否定主句谓语上，其反意疑问句常就从句进行反问，如果主句主语不是第一人称，则不能否定转移。如：
① I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, ____? (01上海)
A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
[分析]C。本题陈述部分是一个否定转移的句子，反意疑问句应就从句进行反问，从句为否定句，简短问句用肯定式。
② Mrs Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera,
____? (02上海)
A. is he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t she D. does she
[分析]D。主语不是第一人称，本题不是否定转移，反意疑问句与主句保持一致。
5.if/when引导状语从句与引导宾语从句的区别
if充当宾语从句的连接词时意为“是否”；充当从属连词，引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，词义为“什么时候”；充当从属连词，引导时间状语从句时，词义为“当……的时候”。if和when作连接词，引导宾语从句时，宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的谓语动词的时态作相应的变化，if和when充当从属连词，引导表示将来动作或状态的状语从句时，若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。如：
I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile
phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he ____ home for
dinner. (06辽宁)
A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come
[分析]D。句意为“我认为我19岁的儿子有必要有自己的手机，因为我有时想弄清楚他是否会回来吃饭。” if引导宾语从句，表示的是一个将来的动作，应用一般将来时。
6．it作形式宾语
如果宾语从句有补语时，宾语从句用it代替，从句后置。有些动词的后面不能直接跟从句，而只能用形式宾语it, 如like, love, hate, appreciate等。如：
① Don’t ____ that all those who get good grades in the entrance
examination will prove to be most successful. (98上海)
A. take as granted B. take this for granted
C. take that for granted D. take it for granted
[分析]D。take it for granted意为“想当然”，it作形式宾语，that从句后置。
② I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use thecomputer.(06山东)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
[分析]B。 appreciate用it作形式宾语，从句后置。
五、考查it作宾语时的特殊用法
it作宾语时与一些动词或介词构成一些习语，如make it（成功），catch it（挨说，受处罚），help it（应付得了），for it（为了对付某种情况），at it（积极地干）等。如：
If I can help ____, I don’t like working late into the night. (06全国) A. so B. that C. it D. them
[分析]C。 help it是习语，表示“应付得了”。
六、直接宾语和间接宾语
在某些动词的后面往往同时出现直接宾语和间接宾语，这样的动词有bring, fetch, give, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, send, show, take, sing, have, make等。如：
Please remind me ____ he said he was going. I may be in time tosee him off. (06全国)
A. where B. when C. how D. what
[分析]B。从句子成分判断，本题考查作直接宾语的宾语从句的引导词。从后一句“要及时给对方送行”看，说话者关心的是对方走的时间，因此用when引导宾语从句，he said是插入语。
综上所述，宾语的考查内容主要涉及以上六点，因此掌握宾语特点、把握考点是学好宾语的关键。