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设备故障诊断技术是用来把设备的故障在还没有造成事故的时候就检查出来,并对故障的可能部位、性质及发展作出估计,为故障判断及维修决策提供第一手材料。一、故障诊断的理论基础1.频谱分析和付立叶变换目前,在设备故障诊断中应用最普遍的方法是频谱分析,即在频域内对振动信号进行处理。我们直接观测或记录的信号一般是随时间变化的物理量,它只能反映信号的幅值随时间变化的特征,而不能揭示信号频率的组成部分,因此应对信号进行频谱分析。所谓频谱就是振动波形在频域上的一种表示。例如图1所示的周期性连续波 x(t)是由两个谐波组成,它在频域 f 上的表示就
Equipment fault diagnosis technology is used to check the fault of the equipment when it has not caused an accident and to estimate the possible location, nature and development of the fault so as to provide the first-hand materials for fault judgment and maintenance decision-making. First, the theoretical basis for fault diagnosis 1. Spectrum analysis and Fourier transform Currently, the most common method used in the diagnosis of equipment failure is spectral analysis, that is, the vibration signal processing in the frequency domain. The signal we directly observe or record is generally a physical quantity that changes over time. It can only reflect the characteristics of the signal amplitude over time, and can not reveal the component of the signal frequency, so the signal spectrum analysis should be carried out. The so-called spectrum is the vibration waveform in the frequency domain of a representation. For example, the periodic continuous wave x (t) shown in FIG. 1 is composed of two harmonics, and its representation in the frequency domain f