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降雨侵蚀力变化特征分析是揭示土壤水蚀对降水变化响应的基础,为水土保持规划及管理提供依据。利用1951—2008年山东省22个气象站的降雨资料,采用Mann-Kendall非参数检验等方法,计算并分析了该省58年降雨侵蚀力变化的时间及空间特征。结果表明:山东省年降雨侵蚀力序列总体上未呈现显著增减趋势,这与占全年比例最高的夏季降雨侵蚀力未有明显变化相关;但通过季、月值的时间序列检验,春、冬季降雨侵蚀力有明显的升高趋势,特别2、5和12月升高显著。空间分布上,山东各地降雨侵蚀力变化趋势的差异明显,分布有国家级、省级水土流失重点治理区的鲁中南呈明显升高趋势,应作为未来防治重点区域。
The analysis of the characteristics of rainfall erosivity changes is the basis to reveal the response of soil erosion to precipitation changes and provide the basis for soil and water conservation planning and management. Based on the rainfall data of 22 weather stations in Shandong Province from 1951 to 2008 and Mann-Kendall non-parametric test, the temporal and spatial characteristics of rainfall erosivity change over the past 58 years in this province were calculated and analyzed. The results show that the sequence of annual rainfall erosivity in Shandong Province does not show a significant increase or decrease trend overall, which is related to the summer rainfall erosivity which accounts for the highest proportion in the whole year but no significant change. However, by the time series test of seasonal and monthly values, In winter, the rainfall erosivity increased obviously, especially in February, February and December. The spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity varied significantly across Shandong Provinces. There was a clear upward trend in Luzhongnan distributed between key state-level and provincial-level soil and water loss control areas and should be taken as the key area for future prevention and control.