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以吉林省审定的杂交豆1号、杂交豆2号2个杂交大豆品种和同熟期常规品种吉育72和吉林30为材料,探讨生殖生长期杂交大豆高产冠层生理,分析产量构成特性,明确杂交大豆增产部分生理机制。结果表明,2010—2011年,杂交大豆比常规品种分别增产13.9%和16.7%。杂交大豆R6期以后叶片叶绿素含量,R2(始花期)~R7(成熟初期)期光合速率和R2~R4(盛荚期)期叶面积指数均显著高于常规品种,2010年杂交豆1号和杂交豆2号最大叶面积指数分别为8.09和8.30,远高于常规大豆最大适宜叶面积指数,且生育后期叶面积指数没有陡然下降。杂交大豆品种R2~R7期生物产量均显著或极显著高于常规品种,生物产量平均积累速度和最大积累速度分别比常规品种高0.06 g d–1和0.20 g d–1,干物质积累速率加快时间和积累速率开始减缓时间分别比常规品种提前3.09 d和5.85 d,干物质积累早发优势显著。杂交大豆百粒重、主茎荚、粒重与常规大豆差异不显著,但分枝荚、粒重极显著增加。而杂交大豆R7期籽粒占生物产量比例和粒茎比与常规品种差异不显著。表明强大的冠层优势,快速的干物质积累和较高生物产量,是杂交大豆高产的生物学基础。
The high yielding canopy physiology of hybrid soybean in reproductive growth period was analyzed with two hybrid soybean varieties of hybrid bean No.1 and hybrid soybean No.2 and Jilin Jiyu 72 and Jilin 30 of the same maturity as the materials to analyze the characteristics of yield components, Identify part of the physiological mechanism of soybean yield increase. The results showed that from 2010 to 2011, the yield of hybrid soybean increased by 13.9% and 16.7% respectively compared with the conventional varieties. The leaf chlorophyll content, leaf photosynthetic rate at R2 (initial flowering stage) ~ R7 (early maturing stage) and R2 ~ R4 (Sheng podding stage) of hybrid soybean were significantly higher than those of conventional hybrids The maximum leaf area index of hybrid bean 2 was 8.09 and 8.30, respectively, much higher than the maximum suitable leaf area index of conventional soybean, and the leaf area index did not decrease abruptly during late growth period. The yields of R2 to R7 hybrids were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of the conventional varieties, and the average biomass accumulation rate and maximum accumulation rate were 0.06 gd-1 and 0.20 gd-1 higher than the conventional varieties, respectively, and the dry matter accumulation rate was accelerated Accumulation rate began to slow down time than the conventional varieties 3.09 d and 5.85 d, respectively, the dry matter accumulation of the early onset of significant advantages. There was no significant difference in 100-grain weight, main stalk and grain weight between hybrid soybean and normal soybean, but the pod and grain weight increased significantly. However, there was no significant difference between the proportion of grain yield and the ratio of grain stem to stem of hybrid soybean at R7 stage. The strong canopy advantage, rapid dry matter accumulation and high biomass production are the biological foundations for high yielding of hybrid soybean.