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以土壤形态学特征为诊断依据划分土壤类型,能够使本科生更容易掌握中国土壤系统分类。以砂质新成土(中国土壤发生分类划分的风沙土)为例,对比了中国土壤系统分类、美国土壤系统分类和世界土壤资源参比基础三种土壤分类体系对砂质新成土划分的形态学诊断标准。同时,结合野外土壤剖面调查和室内数字土壤类型图分析,探讨了新疆砂质新成土调查的方法问题。结果表明:三种土壤分类体系对砂质新成土诊断依据并不完全一致,但都强调土壤质地为壤质细砂或更粗。新疆至少有干旱砂质新成土和干润砂质新成土两个土类。利用数字化土壤类型图分析了新疆砂质新成土的空间分布,单纯依靠小比例尺的数字化土壤图来判定单个土体系统分类土纲的归属,结果可能会有偏差。对于某一剖面土纲的归属,必须要结合野外调查来确定。本研究能够为新疆和其他地区砂质新成土的调查提供参考。
Using soil morphological characteristics as a basis for the diagnosis of soil types can make it easier for undergraduates to grasp the soil taxonomy of China. Taking the sandy newly formed soil (aeolian sandy soil classified by soil classification of China) as an example, this paper compared the classification of sandy soils by three soil classification systems, ie soil taxonomy of China, soil taxonomy of the United States and reference base of the world soil resources Morphological diagnostic criteria. At the same time, combined with the field soil profile survey and indoor digital soil type map analysis, the method of Xinjiang sandy new soil survey method is discussed. The results show that the three soil classification systems are not completely consistent with the diagnostic criteria for sandy soils, but all emphasize that the soil texture is sandy or coarse. Xinjiang has at least two types of arid sandy new soil and dry sandy sandy new soil. The spatial distribution of newly formed sandy soils in Xinjiang was analyzed by using digital soil type maps. The digital soil maps of small scales were used to determine the attribution of soil systems belonging to a single soil system. The results may be biased. For a profile of attribution of soil, must be combined with the field survey to determine. This study can provide a reference for the investigation of sandy newly formed soil in Xinjiang and other regions.