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排沙比是水库拦截泥沙程度的指标之一。排沙比越大,水库淤积强度就越小;反之亦然。以三峡水库2004-2012年库区各水文站的实测资料为依据,通过对三峡水库运行以来水库排沙比及其影响因素的分析,发现坝前水位和入库、出库流量是影响水库排沙比大小的主要因素,其次是入库沙量和泥沙颗粒大小。进一步分析得出排沙比对月均库水位变化的敏感度随月均入库流量的增加而迅速增加,当月均入库流量小于15 000 m3/s时,月均库水位变化对排沙比几乎没有影响。当月均入库流量大于20 000 m3/s时,水库排沙比的变化幅度随月均库水位的变化较大,当月均库水位从138 m增加到155 m时,其排沙比约从62%降低至不到10%。为了提高水库排沙比,在水库调度上建议采用“大水低位、小水高位”的运行方式。
Sand discharge ratio is one of the indicators of the degree of sediment blocking the reservoir. The larger the sand discharge ratio, the less the reservoir siltation intensity; and vice versa. Based on the measured data of hydrological stations in the Three Gorges Reservoir from 2004 to 2012, by analyzing the sediment discharge ratio of the Three Gorges Reservoir and its influencing factors, it is found that the water level in front of the dam and storage, The main factors of the size of Sabi, followed by the amount of sediment and sediment particles. Further analysis showed that the sensitivity of sediment discharge rate to monthly average water level changes rapidly increases with monthly average inflow rate. When monthly average inflow rate is less than 15 000 m3 / s, Almost no effect. When the average monthly inflow volume is more than 20 000 m3 / s, the change range of reservoir sediment discharge ratio changes greatly with the monthly mean reservoir water level. When the average water level of the reservoir increases from 138 m to 155 m in the current month, the sediment discharge ratio will be about 62 % To less than 10%. In order to improve the sediment discharge ratio of reservoirs, it is suggested to adopt the operation mode of “low water level and high water level” in reservoir operation.