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细胞色素Ｐ４５０酶系在药物代谢中扮演了重要角色。本文描述了许多环境的和基因的因素，这些因素调整人体酶和它们的药物底物的活性。在一些情况下，细胞色素Ｐ４５０酶具有基因的多态性，导致对某些药物在表型上明显慢和明显快的代谢。慢代谢者（ＰＭｓ）易发生与浓度相关的药物不良反应，而快代谢者（ＥＭｓ）则对药物相互作用易感；其中抑制的相互作用可能会由于血桨浓度的增加而导致毒性。药物代谢被改变是药物不良反应的重要原因。
Cytochrome P450 enzymes play an important role in drug metabolism. This article describes a number of environmental and genetic factors that regulate the activity of human enzymes and their drug substrates. In some cases, cytochrome P450 enzymes have genetic polymorphisms that result in phenotypically significantly slower and significantly faster metabolism of certain drugs. Slow metabolizers (PMs) are susceptible to concentration-related adverse drug reactions, whereas fast metabolizers (EMs) are predisposed to drug interactions; the inhibitory interaction may be toxic due to increased plasma concentration. Drug metabolism is changed is an important cause of adverse drug reactions.