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各桥墩台的沉降观测,这当中包含各墩台沿水流方向(或沿垂直于桥轴线方向)和沿桥轴线方向的倾斜观测,通称为垂直位移观测;各桥墩台在上下游方向上的水平位移观测,称之为横向位移观测;各桥墩台沿桥轴线方向的水平位移观测,称之为纵向位移观测;桥墩结构(如钢梁)在恒载或活载情况下的挠度观测,称之为挠度变形观测;水中桥墩基础周围河床演变情况的观测,即桥墩周围的水下地形测量。基于各种原因,桥梁在修建施工过程中和使用期间,会出现变形,如果这种变形超过规定的限度,就会影响正常运营,而且严重时还会危及桥梁的安全寿命。为此,对桥梁进行变形监视观测是十分必要的。
The subsidence observation of piers and abutments includes the observation of the piers along the flow direction (or along the axis perpendicular to the bridge) and the inclination along the axis of the bridge, commonly known as vertical displacement observation. The horizontal and vertical Displacement observation is called lateral displacement observation. The horizontal displacement of each abutment along the axis of the bridge is called vertical displacement observation. The deflection observation of the pier structure (such as steel beam) under the condition of constant load or live load is called as For the deflection deformation observation; underwater bridge pier foundation around the evolution of the riverbed observation, that is around the piers underwater topographic survey. For various reasons, the bridge will be deformed during construction and during its use. If this deformation exceeds the prescribed limit, it will affect the normal operation and seriously endanger the safety life of the bridge. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the deformation of the bridge.