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本文作者认为,由于巨型经济单位占统治地位,现代资本主义已经走上一个新阶段,即“资本主义最后阶段”,其主要特征归纳起来有以下几点:(1)某些单位大而少的经济,开始能影响价格。价格从原来不以人们意志力转移而自动涨落的客观现象,变成在一定范围内可以为一些人类集团有意识的决定所左右。这种变化使得资本主义的某些基本原则归于无效。(2)集中过程发展不平衡性,第一是表现在各个国家内部发展方面,打乱了资本和劳动之间以及工业和农业之间讲价力量的平衡;第二是表现在外部发展方面,打乱了国与国以及洲与洲之间讲价力量的平衡。(3)国家干涉经济,和生产过程密切联系,如控制社会各阶级间与各个公民间收入的分配方式,稳定市场价格,监督和影响国内生产资源的比例,调节和控制对外贸易,以及从事直接生产,甚至把某些工业“国有化”等等。(4)主要企业的经营管理和所有权的分离,采取自行积累资本的新方式,从而在某种程度上使资本积累从个人基础上转移到半集体基础上来。作者最后认为,资本主义最后阶段的这些特征,不但使更高度的社会控制成为可能,同时也使控制成为必不可少。这个新阶段,如果适当地并且是为了全体人民的利益而加以控制的话,那末,无论就稳定性或者就公道而言,就会比旧阶段好。
The author argues that modern capitalism has embarked on a new phase, the “final stage of capitalism,” due to its dominance of the mega-economic units. The main features of the modern capitalism are summarized as follows: (1) In some units, large and small Economy, the beginning can affect the price. The objective phenomenon that prices are automatically fluctuating from one that is not diverted by the will of the people becomes a measure that can be conscious of some groups of human beings within a certain range. This change invalidates some of the basic principles of capitalism. (2) imbalance in the development of the centralized process. The first one is that in the internal development of all countries, the balance of bargaining power between capital and labor and between industry and agriculture has been disrupted. The second is manifested in the external development Disrupt the bargaining power between nations and continents and between continents and continents. (3) The state intervenes in the economy and is closely linked with the production process. For example, it controls the distribution of income between various social classes and various citizens, stabilizes market prices, monitors and controls the proportion of domestic resources, regulates and controls foreign trade, and conducts direct Production, and even “nationalization” of certain industries. (4) The separation of management and ownership of major enterprises and the adoption of new ways of accumulating capital by themselves, to a certain extent, allow the accumulation of capital to be transferred from an individual basis to a semi-collective basis. The author concludes that these characteristics of the final stage of capitalism not only make possible a higher degree of social control but also make control indispensable. If this new phase is controlled properly and for the benefit of all the people, then it will be better than the old one in terms of stability or fairness.