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为了控制条锈病为害,减少农药污染、防治成本和菌源传出数量,确保本地、邻近麦区与中国东部主产麦区生产安全和可持续发展。通过采用田间系统监测和普查、小麦品种抗性鉴定、条锈菌生理小种监测、试验示范和气象资料分析等方法,开展了小麦条锈病综合防控技术研究。结果表明,各主栽小麦品种的抗锈性随着种植年限的增加而降低,并逐步淘汰。3~5年更换一次具有不同抗源的主推品种,实现品种合理布局和多抗源品种集团当家,能有效降低条锈病发生为害。首次探明了小麦间作不同作物防治小麦条锈病的效果为14.84%~62.89%,推行药剂拌种、健身栽培,可推迟并减轻条锈病发生为害,降低越冬菌源量和春季流行程度;探明了条锈病最佳防治方案为拔节期、孕穗期和抽穗扬花期各施药1次;探明了几种新药剂防治条锈病效果和25%丙环唑防治条锈病的适宜用量(600~650 m L/hm2)。首次提出了本市小麦条锈病综合治理策略。搞好防治示范片和应急防控,可以显著提高防治效果,并带动大面积防控落实。1999年以来,全市小麦条锈病偏重至大发生频率虽高达81.25%,但通过应用综合防控技术措施,小麦产量实际损失率均控制在2%以下(特大发生的2002年除外),同时减少农药使用量1591 t。
In order to control the stripe rust, pesticide pollution, prevention and control costs and the number of bacterial sources should be reduced to ensure the production safety and sustainable development of local, adjacent wheat areas and the main producing areas in east China. Through the use of field system monitoring and census, wheat variety resistance identification, stripe rust physiological races monitoring, demonstration and meteorological data analysis methods, carried out a comprehensive wheat stripe rust prevention and control technology research. The results showed that the rust resistance of all main wheat cultivars decreased with the increase of planting years and was gradually eliminated. 3 to 5 years to replace the main push varieties with different sources of resistance, to achieve the rational distribution of varieties and multi-resistant varieties of varieties of the country, can effectively reduce the occurrence of stripe rust. For the first time, the effect of wheat intercropping on wheat stripe rust resistance was 14.84% ~ 62.89%. The introduction of chemical dressing and fitness training could delay and alleviate the occurrence of stripe rust and reduce the prevalence of overwintering and spring epidemic. The optimal control program of stripe rust was spraying one time at the jointing stage, booting stage and heading and flowering stage. It was proved that the effect of several new agents to control stripe rust and the appropriate dosage of propiconazole 25% m L / hm2). For the first time put forward the city’s wheat stripe rust comprehensive management strategy. Do a good job of prevention and treatment of demonstration films and emergency prevention and control, can significantly improve the control effect and promote large-scale prevention and control implementation. Since 1999, although the frequency of wheat stripe rust is as high as 81.25%, the actual loss rate of wheat yield is controlled below 2% through the application of comprehensive prevention and control measures (except for the extra large occurred in 2002) and the reduction of pesticides Usage 1591 t.