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冻土属土质学范畴内的一种“特殊”土类,以地学研究的问题类型和俄罗斯工程地质学理论为基础,利用科学哲学的手段对冻土学研究的问题、系统类型、学科结构、研究任务、科学方法等方面进行了阐述.首先,对冻土进行了重新定义,从冻土的形态多样性入手说明了冻土学的研究对象;其次,提出冻土学中“今日”、“昨日”和“明日”3个问题;再次,针对冻土学研究的系统类型,并结合工程、冻土和环境的动态变化关系,将冻土学研究系统分为冻土-工程系统和冻土-环境系统,并从各个子系统(圈)的动态变化入手深入阐述其相互作用和相互制约的关系;然后,将广义工程地质学的学科结构应用于冻土学,并针对现今冻土学的发展状况,简要地展望了冻土学未来的理论-方法研究任务;最后对冻土学的科学研究方法进行了分类,并在此基础上阐述了冻土学与其他学科的相互联系.
Based on the types of problems studied in geosciences and the theory of engineering geology in Russia, the soil type of “permafrost” belongs to the category of “special” soil. Based on the philosophy of science, this paper analyzes the problems, system types, disciplines Structure, research task, scientific method and so on.Firstly, the definition of permafrost has been redefined, and the research object of permafrost has been explained from the morphological diversity of permafrost. Secondly, “, ” Yesterday “and ” tomorrow ". Thirdly, according to the type of system of permafrost study and the dynamic change of engineering, permafrost and environment, the research system of permafrost is divided into Permafrost-engineering system and permafrost-environment system, and further elaborates the relationship between each subsystem (circle) and its interaction and mutual restriction; then, applies the discipline structure of general engineering geology to the study of permafrost , And aiming at the current development of permafrost, the prospect of the theory-method research on the future of permafrost is prospected briefly. At last, the methods of scientific research on permafrost are classified, and on this basis, Other disciplines are interconnected .