中药及提取物对视神经及视网膜神经节细胞具有独特保护作用,为青光眼的治疗开辟了新的研究方向。刺蒺藜、灯盏细辛、川芎嗪可增加血流量及轴浆运输,抑制谷氨酸毒性,降低丙二醛含量;枸杞、刺蒺藜、原花青素、葛根素能对抗氧自由基增强超氧化物歧化酶活性;灯盏细辛有效成分为黄酮类、咖啡酰类与灯盏花素,可促进体外RGCs存活并抑制高压下RGCs凋亡,作用机制与钙拮抗作用具有相关性;蛇毒神经营养因子(vNGF)能减轻视神经夹上后微管损伤,提高MAP-1B表达强度,提高RGCs存活数量,保护RGCs;杞贞胶囊、中西医联合、银杏叶等调节相关基因(Bcl家族-caspase基因家族)、黏附分子及信号转导。 Chinese medicine and extract have unique protective effects on the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells, opening up a new research direction for the treatment of glaucoma. Tribulus terrestris, Erigeron breviscapus, ligustrazine can increase blood flow and axoplasmic transport, inhibition of glutamate toxicity, reduce the content of malondialdehyde; Wolfberry, Tribulus terrestris, procyanidins, puerarin against oxygen free radicals increased superoxide dismutase The active ingredient of Erigeron Breviscapus was flavonoids, caffeoyl and breviscapine, which could promote the survival of RGCs in vitro and inhibit the apoptosis of RGCs under high pressure. The mechanism of action was related to calcium antagonism. The content of vNGF Reduce the damage of microtubules after the optic nerve clip, improve the expression intensity of MAP-1B, increase the survival of RGCs and protect RGCs; Qizhen capsule, combination of Chinese and Western medicine, Ginkgo biloba and other regulatory genes (Bcl family-caspase gene family), adhesion molecules and Signal Transduction.