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本文藉由分析若干罗马法文句的翻译问题挑战当代的法律概念“人”(person)。本文呈现为何拉丁字persona无法成为地方语言person的字源,并主张person的当代用法来自19世纪的德国法学文献,尤其是萨维尼的作品。本文说明persona与诸如gerere、tenere与sustinere(相当于英语的bear、carry、hold)等动词构成一词组,无法单独表达意义。这类词组需要一个属格形态的名词补语,一如其同义语的及物动词“代表”或“代理”(represent)需要一个直接受格一般。另一方面,现代法学文献赋予person意义,将其看作人类个体的同义语,并将其与be动词一起使用。这种用法是现代的发明,译回拉丁文时必定产生混淆。
This article challenges contemporary legal concepts “person ” by analyzing the translation issues of several Roman French sentences. This article presents why the Latin persona can not be the source of the locale person, claiming that person’s contemporary usage derives from 19th-century German legal literature, and in particular Savigny’s work. This article shows that persona is synonymous with verbs such as gerere, tenere and sustinere (bear, carry, hold in English). Such phrases require a nouns complement of the genitive form, as the transitive verb “his” or “represent” of his or her synonym needs a directly accepted genre. On the other hand, modern legal literature gives the meaning of person as a synonym for human individual and uses it with the be verb. This usage is a modern invention, which must be confused when translated back to Latin.