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通过室内与野外实验相结合研究了贵州花江喀斯特峡谷示范区不同覆盖处理下不同小生境土壤的保墒能力,试图了解喀斯特地区的土壤水分变化规律并提出相应保墒技术。结果表明:土面、石槽、石沟3种小生境通过枯枝落叶、石面、薄膜覆盖后,其土壤水分变化趋势基本一致,其中以石沟的含水量最高,土面最低;不同土层的土壤含水量都有所增加,但增加幅度不完全一致;一年中土壤水分胁迫出现次数减少,频率降低。在持续干旱期间,水分蒸发量较大,覆盖后土壤保墒效果较好,平均每天水分损耗量较少,其中以薄膜覆盖效果显著,保墒能力最强,枯枝落叶和石面覆盖次之;但实地人工造林试验证明,石面及枯枝落叶覆盖下存活率很高,而薄膜覆盖较差。因此,薄膜覆盖在喀斯特峡谷区人工造林中的运用值得进一步研究。
Through the combination of indoor and field experiments, we studied the soil moisture conservation ability of different niches in the Huajiang karst gorge demonstration area in Guizhou Province, attempting to understand the variation of soil moisture in karst areas and put forward the corresponding moisture conservation techniques. The results showed that: after the soil, stone groove and stone groove were covered by litter, stone surface and thin film, the trend of soil moisture was basically the same, among which the highest water content and the lowest soil surface in the stone ditch; Soil moisture content of the layers increased, but the rate of increase was not exactly the same. The number of soil water stress decreased and the frequency decreased in one year. During the continuous drought period, the water evaporation was relatively large, the effect of soil moisture conservation was better after covering, and the average daily water loss was less. Among them, the effect of film covering was obvious, the ability of preserving moisture was the strongest, followed by the litter and stone surface; Field afforestation experiments show that stone and litter covered the survival rate is high, while the film coverage is poor. Therefore, the application of film mulching in artificial afforestation in karst gorge deserves further study.