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目的探讨糖尿病(DM)大鼠甲状腺组织超微结构的病理变化及胰岛素、氨基胍的干预作用。方法链脲佐菌素制备DM模型大鼠87只,随机分为DM组27只、胰岛素干预组32只、氨基胍干预组28只,成模12周、20周末杀检,取甲状腺组织行超微病理检查。另取25只正常Wistar大鼠作正常对照。结果DM大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞呈扁平状,微绒毛缺失,粗面内质网扩张呈不规则囊泡状,未见胞饮泡,偶见初级和次级溶酶体。滤泡腔扩大,腔内类胶质电子密度较高。间质水肿,微血管基底板阶段性增厚,可见蛋白样物质沉积,呈细颗粒状、云絮状或均质状。甲状腺滤泡旁细胞增多,胞质内含内分泌颗粒较少。胰岛素和氨基胍干预组甲状腺组织超微结构较DM组有不同程度的减轻。结论DM大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞呈功能低下的表现,滤泡腔间质有大量蛋白样物质沉积,甲状腺滤泡旁细胞增多可能与高血糖毒性的作用有关。胰岛素和氨基胍干预有一定的治疗作用。
Objective To investigate the pathological changes of thyroid ultrastructure in diabetic rats and the effects of insulin and aminoguanidine. Methods 87 streptozotocin-containing diabetic rats were randomly divided into DM group (n = 27), insulin intervention group (n = 32) and aminoguanidine intervention group (n = 28) Micro-pathological examination. Another 25 normal Wistar rats as normal control. Results The thyroid follicular epithelial cells in DM rats were flat and the microvilli were missing. The rough endoplasmic reticulum dilated irregular vesicles. No secondary cells were found, and primary and secondary lysosomes were occasionally seen. Follicular cavity expansion, the cavity of glial electron density higher. Interstitial edema, microvascular base plate stage thickening, showing the deposition of protein-like material, was fine granular, cloud-like or homogeneous shape. Thyroid follicles next to cells increased, less cytoplasmic endocrine granules. Insulin and aminoguanidine intervention group, thyroid tissue ultrastructure than the DM group to varying degrees, reduce. Conclusions The thyroid follicular epithelial cells in DM rats are characterized by low function, large amount of protein-like substance deposition in the interstitial of follicular cavity, and the increase of parafollicular cells in thyroid may be related to the effect of hyperglycemia. Insulin and aminoguanidine intervention have a certain therapeutic effect.