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本文通过对明儒重民观的概述和探析 ,阐明自先泰儒家以来对重民观的承继与发展 ,即从“以民为本”的重民观发展到“由民为本”的重民观 ,尤其是黄宗羲的“天下是天下百姓的天下” ;“天下为本 ,君为客” ,君臣都是“天下的公仆” ;废“一家之法”以及“公天下”的政治理想 ,把学校视为议政、参政、教育、监督的机关等 ,全面系统地发展了民本思想的重民观 ,并且向近代民主主义的民本思想转化 ,极具进步意义 ,对现代文明也有其价值取向。
This essay summarizes and analyzes Ming dynasty’s view on democratization of people and expounds the inheritance and development of republican democratization since the Confucianism of Confucianism, that is, from the concept of “people-oriented” democratization to the concept of “people-oriented” “The world is the world under the common people”; “The world is the foundation, the king is the guest”; the monarchs and chief ministers are all “public servants in the world”; the “one family law” and the political ideal of “public under the heaven” To regard the school as the organ for discussing politics, participating in politics, educating and supervising, etc., comprehensively and systematically developed the concept of valuing people by virtue of the people-based ideology and transformed it into the people-based ideology of modern democracy, which is of great progress and of value to the modern civilization orientation.