一、前言实现高速化是发展铁路运输的一个重要方面,而铁道车辆制动系统是高速化的关键问题之一。对于在一般线路上运行的车辆,规定其制动距离为600米以内,条件是严格的。至于新干线车辆,在出现电系统故障时,则要从200公里/时的速度进行摩擦制动,其条件更苛刻。对于这样的使用条件,在组成制动装置的诸材料中,特别是用在苛刻条件下的摩擦制动的滑动材料,直到现在,在材质、结构形状等方面还在反复进行改进。但是,滑动摩擦现象极为复杂,因此目前还处于探索阶 I. Introduction The realization of high speed is an important aspect of the development of railway transportation. The brake system of railway vehicles is one of the key problems of high speed. For vehicles operating on normal routes, the provisions of its braking distance of 600 meters, the conditions are strict. As for the Shinkansen vehicles, friction braking occurs at a speed of 200 km / h in the event of an electrical system failure and the conditions are more stringent. For such conditions of use, among the materials constituting the brake device, in particular sliding materials for friction braking under harsh conditions, up to now, improvements have been repeatedly made in terms of material, structure and the like. However, the phenomenon of sliding friction is extremely complicated, so it is still at the exploratory stage