目的:调查了解寒区女兵新兵训练对免疫功能的影响及上呼吸道感染发生情况。方法:调查某寒区新入伍女兵230例,对新训后血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM和补体C3、C4水平,白细胞计数以及3大亚类淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞数进行测定;并调查女兵新训后上呼吸道感染发生情况。结果:集训后较集训前血清IgG、IgA水平显著降低(P<0.01);IgM水平略降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);C3、C4水平差异不显著(P>0.05);血中白细胞数、中性粒细胞数增多,淋巴细胞数、单核细胞数减少,具有显著差异。寒区训练后女兵上呼吸道感染患病率显著增高。结论:新兵训练对女兵免疫功能有一定影响,可降低机体对疾病的抵抗力并易引起上呼吸道感染。 Objective: To investigate the influence of female recruits recruits in cold area on immune function and upper respiratory tract infection. Methods: 230 newly recruited female soldiers were investigated in a cold region. Serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, IgM, complement C3 and C4, white blood cell count and three major subclasses of lymphocytes, neutrophils, mononuclear cells Cell number was measured; and investigation of the female soldiers after the new training of upper respiratory tract infection. Results: The levels of IgG and IgA in serum before training were significantly lower than those before training (P <0.01), while the levels of IgM were slightly lower (P> 0.05), while the levels of C3 and C4 were not significantly different (P> 0.05) The number of white blood cells, neutrophils increased, the number of lymphocytes and monocytes decreased, with significant differences. The prevalence of upper respiratory tract infection in female soldiers increased significantly after cold training. Conclusion: Recruits training has a certain impact on the immune function of female soldiers, can reduce the body’s resistance to the disease and easily lead to upper respiratory tract infection.