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古人把日、月和金、木、水、火、土五星合起来称为七曜(或七政)。金、木、水、火、土五星合起来又称为五纬。金星古曰明星,又名太白,因为它光色银白,亮度持强。金星黎明见于东方叫启明,黄昏见于西方叫长庚.木星古名岁星,古人认为岁星十二年绕天一周,每年行经一个特定的星空区域,并据以纪年。水星一名辰星,火星古名荧惑,土星古名镇星或填星。古人观测日月五星的运行是以恒星为背景的,这是因为古人觉得恒星相互间的位置恒久不变,可以利用它们做标志来说明日月五星运行所到的位置。经过长期的观测,古人先后选择了黄道赤道附近的二十八个星宿作为“坐标”,称为二十八宿:
The ancients to date, month and gold, wood, water, fire, earth five stars together called seven Yao (or seven politics). Gold, wood, water, fire, earth together five stars also known as five. Ancient Star Venus, also known as Taibai, because of its light color silver, light intensity strong. Venus dawn seen in the east called Kai Ming, dusk seen in the West called Chang Geng. Jupiter ancient star, the ancients considered the star twelve years around the sky a week, each year through a specific area of the sky, and according to the year. Mercury an ecliptic, Mars ancient confusion, Saturn ancient star or star fill. The ancients observed the sun and the moon as a five-star in the background of stars, because the ancients thought that the positions of the stars were constant and could be used as markers to illustrate the location of the five-star sun and moon. After a long period of observation, the ancients have chosen 28 astronomical places near the equator of the zodiac as “coordinates” and called 28 places: