目的了解五华县狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征及暴露后处置情况,为狂犬病防制工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述通过流行病学方法,对2011—2012年五华县狂犬病暴露人群监测资料进行统计分析。结果 2011—2012年五华县共报告接诊狂犬病暴露人员24 728例,年均暴露率930.72/10万,男女性别比为1.18∶1;儿童少年组和中老年组暴露人数最多,分别占39.64%和33.83%;职业以农民居多,占47.68%;暴露时间以夏秋季为主;伤口以下肢最多,占54.10%;伤口分级以Ⅱ级为主,占54.13%;致伤动物犬占80.92%,猫占15.89%;伤后24 h内就诊者占82.16%;11.67%的Ⅲ级暴露人员接种了人狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论预防狂犬病首先要加强农村犬猫的管理和免疫,普及狂犬病预防控制知识,还要加大对中老年和儿童、学生等高危人群的关注和保护,提高新农村合作医疗补偿标准并将人狂犬病免疫球蛋白纳入补偿范围,促进狂犬病暴露后医学处理的可支付性。 Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and post-exposure disposal of rabies exposed population in Wuhua County and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies. Methods The epidemiological method was used to describe the surveillance data of rabies exposed population in Wuhua County from 2011 to 2012. Results A total of 24 728 cases of rabies exposure were reported in Wuhua County from 2011 to 2012, with an average annual exposure rate of 930.72 / 100,000 and a male / female ratio of 1.18:1. Children and adolescents accounted for 39.64 % And 33.83% respectively. The occupations were mostly peasants, accounting for 47.68%. The exposure time was mainly in summer and autumn. The lower limbs were the most, accounting for 54.10% of the total wounds. The grade of wounds was mainly grade II, accounting for 54.13% , Cats accounted for 15.89%; 82.16% of the patients were diagnosed within 24 hours after injury; 11.67% of Ⅲ level exposed persons were vaccinated with human rabies immunoglobulin. Conclusion To prevent rabies, we must first strengthen the management and immunization of dogs and cats in rural areas, popularize the knowledge of rabies control and prevention, and pay more attention and protection to the high-risk groups such as middle-aged and aged children, students and so on, improve the standard of compensation for new rural cooperative medical care, Immune globulin is included in the compensation range to promote the payability of medical treatment after rabies exposure.