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从20世纪90年代开始,新欧洲国家先后经历了经济私有化改革和加入欧盟的对外开放进程。在这一过程中,该地区大量引入外资以弥补资金缺口,从而形成了“高外资、高出口、高举债”的发展模式。但由于该模式存在外资外贸依赖过度、产业集中度过高以及银行控制权丧失等风险隐患,在2008年全球金融风暴的冲击下,这一地区经济大幅下滑,逐渐演变成为新欧洲经济危机。鉴于此,文章从FDI角度出发,回顾了新欧洲国家开放历程,并在分析其对外开放模式固有弊端的基础上,提出新兴经济体在开放过程中,要立足长远,参与全球战略性分工;以我为主,发挥国家的主导调控作用;内外兼修,注重培育民族产业的竞争力;趋利避害,合理选择开放的领域和步骤,从而避免重蹈新欧洲的覆辙,实现新兴开放经济体的科学可持续发展。
Beginning in the 1990s, new European countries successively experienced the process of privatization of economy and the process of opening up to the EU. In the process, a large amount of foreign investment was introduced into the region to make up for the funding gap, thus forming a development model of “high foreign investment, high export and high debt”. However, due to the risks of over-reliance on foreign trade and foreign trade, excessive concentration of industries and loss of control over banks, the economy of this region plunged dramatically into a new European economic crisis under the impact of the global financial turmoil in 2008. In view of this, the article reviews the opening up of new European countries from the perspective of FDI, and on the basis of analyzing the inherent defects of the pattern of opening up, puts forward that in the process of opening up, emerging economies should base themselves on the long-term and take part in the global strategic division of labor. I mainly play the leading role of the state control; internally and externally, pay attention to cultivating the competitiveness of national industries; profit avoidance, the rational choice of open areas and steps to avoid repeating the mistakes of new Europe to achieve emerging open economies Scientific and sustainable development.