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目的探讨我院医院感染性腹泻(Infectious diarrhea,ID)致病菌的分布,为院内ID防治提供理论依据。方法对2010年1-12月156例院内ID患儿的粪便标本进行常规检查,细菌培养,并采用免疫胶体金标法检测轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)抗原;逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测诺如病毒(Norovirus,NV)核酸,星状病毒核酸及肠腺病毒核酸。结果 156例患儿细菌感染10例(占6.4%),真菌感染5例(占3.2%),检出RV阳性74例(占47.4%),NV阳性24例(占15.4%),星状病毒阳性2例(1.3%),肠腺病毒阳性6例(3.8%);RV和NV病毒院内感染阳性率男女性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄组间RV及NV阳性率差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。RV、NV在不同季节的发病差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论婴幼儿院内ID病毒多于细菌,病毒中轮状病毒占首位,应根据病原菌分布情况积极采取预防与控制措施,降低医院ID发病率。
Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in Infectious diarrhea (ID) in our hospital and provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of ID in hospital. Methods The stool specimens of 156 children with ID in hospital from January to December in 2010 were routinely examined and cultured in vitro. The rotavirus (RV) antigen was detected by immunogold labeling method. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR method was used to detect Norovirus (NV) nucleic acid, astrovirus and enteric adenovirus. Results 156 cases were found to be bacterial infection in 10 cases (6.4%), fungal infection in 5 cases (3.2%), RV positive in 74 cases (47.4%), NV positive in 24 cases (15.4%), astrovirus Positive rate of nosocomial infection of RV and NV was no significant difference between male and female (P> 0.05), positive rates of RV and NV in different age groups were different Not statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of RV and NV in different seasons were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion There are more ID virus in infants and young children than in bacteria and rotavirus in virus is the most important. Prevention and control measures should be taken actively to reduce the incidence of hospital ID according to the distribution of pathogens.