利用轴对称模型研究了大型电机转子焊接残余应力分布规律 ,探讨了单层单道焊情况下两侧同时焊接、热套、预热等工艺以及三层四道焊情况下焊接顺序对焊接残余应力的影响。研究结果表明 ,磁轭圈与辐板焊接后在焊缝及其周围区域产生较大的三向残余拉应力 ;两侧同时焊接可大大降低径向残余应力 ;热套可降低三向残余拉应力 ,热套后直接焊与热套后先冷却后焊相比效果更佳 ;预热可以降低周向残余拉应力 ;多道焊时径向残余应力主要取决于最后一层 ,尤其是最后一道焊缝 ;两侧的最后一道焊缝同时焊接可显著降低径向残余应力 ,而前面的焊道同时焊接与否并不重要。研究结果为优化生产工艺 ,降低残余应力提供了理论依据 The axial symmetry model is used to study the welding residual stress distribution in large motor rotors. The welding sequence of single-pass single-pass welding with simultaneous welding on both sides, thermowelling, preheating and three-layer four-pass welding are discussed. Impact. The results show that the yoke ring and web after welding in the weld and its surrounding area have a larger three-dimensional residual tensile stress; both sides of the welding can greatly reduce the radial residual stress; heat sleeve can reduce the three-dimensional residual tensile stress , After the heat sleeve directly after welding and heat sleeve cooling after welding better; Preheating can reduce the circumferential residual tensile stress; Multi-track welding radial residual stress mainly depends on the last layer, especially the last one welding The simultaneous welding of the last seam on both sides can significantly reduce the radial residual stress, while it is not important that the weld bead in the front is welded at the same time or not. The results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the production process and reducing the residual stress