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为了研究小麦生产能力与气候变化的相关性,实现小麦生产水平年际间的稳定和持续提高,以西平县为例,通过对15年气象因子和小麦生产情况的系统分析,结合多年定位丰产高效栽培试验进行对比分析,研究了近15年来豫南雨养区小麦生产水平不断提高与气象因子变化和栽培技术的关系。结果表明,近15年来豫南雨养区小麦生产能力持续提升的主要因素是品种布局优化和栽培技术水平的提高。半冬性品种比春性品种的产量潜力高399.6kg/hm2(增幅5.48%);0～10cm土壤水分含量覆盖比不覆盖和常规翻耕处理均高2.75个百分点,比旋耕3.2个百分点;通过防治蚜虫、赤霉病、纹枯病和叶枯病措施,产量分别提高7.7%、10.2%、5.2%和6.6%。因此,提出以合理品种布局和优化播期播量为基础,自然降水高效利用和病虫害综合防治为关键技术的豫南雨养区小麦持续丰产高效技术途径。
In order to study the correlation between wheat productivity and climate change and to achieve stable and continuous improvement of wheat production level over the years, taking Xiping County as an example, through systematic analysis of 15 years of meteorological factors and wheat production, combined with years of high yield and high efficiency Cultivation experiments were comparatively analyzed to study the relationship between the continuous improvement of wheat production level and the change of meteorological factors and cultivation techniques in the rainy area of southern Henan in recent 15 years. The results showed that the main factors that led to the continuous improvement of wheat productivity in the rainfed areas of southern Henan in the past 15 years were the optimization of layout of varieties and the improvement of cultivation techniques. The yield potential of semi-winter varieties was 399.6kg / hm2 higher than that of spring varieties (5.48% increase); the soil water content of 0-10cm soil layer was 2.75 percentage points higher than that of uncovered and conventional tillage treatments, 3.2 percentage points higher than that of rotary tillage; By controlling aphids, scab, sheath blight and leaf blight, the yields were increased by 7.7%, 10.2%, 5.2% and 6.6% respectively. Therefore, it is proposed to continue the high yield and high efficiency of wheat in southern rainfed areas in South China based on the reasonable variety layout and sowing date, the effective use of natural precipitation and comprehensive pest and disease control as the key technologies.