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利用水射流的屏蔽作用,消除水对电弧和焊缝的不利影响,是提高水下湿法焊缝质量的一种有效方法。文中分析了水射流屏蔽下空穴(气相区)形成的原理以及平、横焊位置的空穴形成试验结果,并通过水下焊接工艺试验表明,利用该法焊接A_3、16Mn钢,可以得到含氢量低,抗裂性强和符合海上结构规程要求的焊缝。文中还探讨了水屏蔽方法焊缝的冷却特性。通过考察电弧功率及焊接速度对焊缝的冷却和硬度的影响,指出在本法焊接中,对应于不同焊接速度的临界电弧功率、临界热输入的概念及其计算方法。
The use of water jet shielding effect to eliminate the adverse impact of water on the arc and weld is to improve the quality of underwater wet weld is an effective method. In this paper, the formation principle of cavities (gas-phase region) under water-jet shield and the cavitation formation test results of horizontal and horizontal welding positions are analyzed. The underwater welding process test shows that welding A_3 and 16Mn steel by this method can obtain Low hydrogen content, crack resistance and in line with the requirements of the maritime structure of the weld. The paper also discusses the cooling characteristics of the water shield welding method. By examining the influence of arc power and welding speed on the cooling and hardness of the weld, the concepts of critical arc power and critical heat input corresponding to different welding speeds and their calculation methods are pointed out.