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为了准确评价大理州主要植烟土壤养分现状,对该州9个红塔基地县(市)土壤pH值、有机质、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫、有效硼、水溶性氯共10个指标进行调查和分析。结果表明:各烟区土壤pH、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量适宜,有机质含量丰富,交换性镁、水溶性氯含量偏高,而交换性钙、有效硫含量远高于生长适宜范围上限,同时有效硼含量普遍不足;除土壤有效硼外,其余养分指标均存在不同程度的空间变异,其中土壤交换性钙(91.2%)、交换性镁(81.5%)、有效硫(86.8%)含量变异系数均大于80%;以云南省植烟土壤养分含量适宜标准分析,全州9个县(市)大部分地区均应控制钙、镁、硫养分的施用,加大硼肥的投入;同时,弥渡、漾濞、南涧和云龙四县则有部分土壤应控制钾肥施用;除漾濞县外,其余县(市)土壤水溶性氯含量均偏高,应适当减少含氯肥料的投入,忌施人粪尿,以确保植烟土壤养分含量的协调性。
In order to accurately evaluate the status of nutrients in main tobacco-growing soil in Dali Prefecture, the soil pH, organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and available sulfur in 9 Hongta base counties Boron, water-soluble chlorine a total of 10 indicators for investigation and analysis. The results showed that soil pH, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were suitable, organic matter content was high, exchangeable magnesium and water-soluble chlorine were higher in each tobacco area, while exchangeable calcium and available sulfur were much higher than the upper limit of suitable growth range , While the available boron content was generally insufficient. There were some spatial variability of the remaining nutrients except soil available boron, among which soil exchangeable calcium (91.2%), exchangeable magnesium (81.5%), available sulfur (86.8%) The coefficient of variation (CV) was more than 80%. According to the appropriate standard of soil nutrient content in tobacco planting in Yunnan Province, the application of calcium, magnesium and sulfur should be controlled in most of the 9 counties (prefectures) in the state and the input of boron fertilizer should be increased. , Some of the soils should control the application of potash fertilizer in the four counties of Midu, Yangbi, Nanjian and Yunlong. In addition to the Yangbi County, the water-soluble chlorine content of the soils in other counties (cities) was high, and the input of chlorine-containing fertilizers should be appropriately reduced. Shi manure, to ensure that tobacco soil nutrient content of the coordination.