Based on data from through-hole and logging, we studied the failure characteristics of surface drainage wells for relieved coal gas in Huainan mining area and its influencing factors. The results show that the damaged positions of drainage wells are mainly located at the thick clay layer in the low alluvium and the lithological interface in the upper section of bedrock in west mining area. The failure depth of casing is 244-670 m and concentrates at about 270-460 m deep. These damaged positions are mainly located in the bending zone according to three zones of rock layers in the vertical section above the roof divided. Generally, the casing begins to deform or damage before the face line about 30-150 m. Special formation structure and rock mass properties are the direct causes of the casing failure, high mining height and fast advancing speed are fundamental reasons for rock mass damage. However, the borehole configuration and spacing to the casing failure are not very clear.