年鉴学派对现代历史研究影响深远,它们进行研究假定社会分成三个层面,一是经济与人口,二是社会结构,三是文化,但年鉴学派想当然的认为前两个层面衍生出第三个层面。在传统的思想史研究中,大多数研究者焦点放在一个思想家到另一个思想家的思想当中。然而此一方法也有弊端,上层精英的思想并不能代表下层百姓日常生活心理,而且思想家有可能存在思想造假的情况,所写非所想,考据学也并不能切实精密窥探。因此,对于如 The Yearbook School has a far-reaching impact on the study of modern history. Their research assumes that the society is divided into three levels, one is economy and population, the other is social structure and the third is culture. However, the Yearbook School naturally assumes that the first two levels derive the third level . In the traditional study of the history of ideas, most researchers focus on the thinking of one thinker to another. However, this method has its drawbacks. The thinking of the elites does not represent the psychology of the daily life of the lower classes of people. And the thinkers may have the situation of making false ideas. Therefore, for example