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目的分析甘宁阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫自然疫源地动物间鼠疫流行状态,探讨疫源地时空变化及影响动物鼠疫流行的因素,为今后制定防控措施提供依据。方法黄鼠密度调查采用1日弓形夹法,其他小型啮齿动物调查采用5 m夹线法;鼠体蚤的采集用梳捡法;宿主鼠疫菌分离采取剖检动物,取肝、脾压印培养,蚤的细菌学检验采取集组研磨培养法;鼠疫血清学采取间接血凝试验法(IHA),阳性判定按照《全国鼠疫监测方案》和《动物鼠疫监测标准》GB 16882-1997进行。结果 1996—2015年该疫源地发现啮齿类动物17种,隶属2目7科11属,黄鼠为优势种;收集蚤类62种,隶属7科26属,方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种为优势种;黄鼠密度、鼠体蚤指数、洞干蚤指数总体上均呈下降趋势;1996—2015年未分离出鼠疫菌,有5年次检出鼠疫F1抗体阳性血清34份,其中黄鼠血清31份、占91.17%;五趾跳鼠、花鼠、蒙古兔血清各1份、各占2.94%;五县(区)中西吉县检出阳性血清17份、占50.00%,海原县检出12份、占35.29%,原州区检出4份、占11.76%,会宁县检出1份、占2.94%。结论该疫源地局部地区有鼠疫动物病间断性微弱流行,2005年后疫情进入间歇状态,黄鼠为该疫源地主要保菌动物,五趾跳鼠、花鼠、蒙古兔参与其中;在继续落实综合性防治措施的同时,引进国内外先进检测设备、高敏感性检测方法,特别对检出血凝阳性的地区,对非典型鼠疫菌及鼠疫噬菌体的分离至关重要。
Objective To analyze the epidemic status of the plague in the natural foci of Gansu Alashan foxes and probe into the temporal and spatial variation of the foci and the factors influencing the epidemic of the animal plague so as to provide basis for the future prevention and control measures. Methods The density of gonads was investigated by the bow arch method on one day. The other small rodents were surveyed by 5 m thread method. The collection of rodents was sorted by combing method. The host Yersinia pestis was separated and dissected. , The flea bacteriological test to take group grind culture method; serological plague indirect hemagglutination test (IHA), positive judgment in accordance with the “National Plague Surveillance Program” and “Animal Plague Monitoring Standards” GB 16882-1997. Results From 1996 to 2015, 17 species of rodents were found in the epidemic area, belonging to 11 genera and 7 families of 2 orders. The dominant species was gypsum. 62 species of fleas were collected, belonging to 7 families and 26 genera. The Mongolian subspecies of T. gonorrhoeae Dominant species; the density of rat, rat flea index, cave dry flea index generally showed a downward trend; from 1996 to 2015 did not isolate Yersinia pestis, 5 times the detection of plague F1 antibody positive serum 34, Serum 31, accounting for 91.17%; five toe jerk, rat, rabbit Mongolian rabbit serum each one, accounting for 2.94%; five counties (districts) were detected in the positive sera 17, accounting for 50.00%, Haiyuan County Out of 12, accounting for 35.29%, the original state detected 4 copies, accounting for 11.76%, Huining County detected 1, accounting for 2.94%. Conclusions In some areas of the epidemic area, there is a intermittent weak epidemic of the plague animal disease. After 2005, the epidemic enters the intermittent state. The chondrichosis is the main bacteriostatic animal of the epidemic area. The five-toed hopper, the rat and the Mongolian rabbit participate in the epidemic. The implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures at the same time, the introduction of advanced testing equipment at home and abroad, high sensitivity detection methods, especially for detection of hemagglutination positive area, atypical Yersinia pestis and plague phage separation is essential.