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本研究利用粉色种皮高油酸花生G63与紫白花斑种皮普通油酸花生VG-01配置杂交组合。利用等位基因特异性扩增(AS-PCR,allele-specific PCR)鉴定出16个F_1真杂种。在F_2中筛选到_ol1_ol_2单株,并对64个F_2:3家系间的种皮色泽分离进行χ~2检测。结果表明,纯色花生∶花斑花生在0.05水平上符合9∶7,花生种皮花斑性状由2对互补基因控制,当2对基因同时处于显性时,种皮表现为纯色;当2对基因至少有1对为隐性纯合时,种皮表现为花斑。利用AS-PCR技术对334株花斑种皮F_3单株进行基因型鉴定,筛选到29株ol_1ol_1ol_2ol_2基因型的单株。利用气相色谱测定结果表明,F4种子油酸GC值介于70.77%~82.87%,油酸/亚油酸介于8.15~26.30。F4群体植株主茎高12.4~87.3 cm,平均57.2 cm,较对照冀花2号增高34.97%;第1对侧枝长91.6~196.3 cm,平均134.1 cm,较对照冀花2号增长34.28%。F5新种质的单株果重、单株果数、单株仁重、单株仁数分别为(27.16±9.51)g、(22.11±10.26)个、(20.10±7.17)g和(31.94±15.16)个。新种质9-7、14-2、14-3、17-3和17-7均为红白花斑种皮,在单株果重方面较对照冀花2号增加230.02%、165.80%、210.66%、200.65%和160.26%,在单株果数方面增加280.00%、340.00%、450.00%、210.00%和150.00%,其油酸GC值分别为80.54%、81.75%、80.63%、81.3%和81.56%。该批种质材料不仅油酸含量高,而且具有医疗保健价值,对丰富我国高油酸花生遗传多样性具有重要的现实意义。
In this study, the hybrid combination of pink seed coat high oleic peanut G63 and purple white pigmented seed coat common oleic peanut VG-01 was used. Sixteen F_1 true hybrids were identified using allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR). The plants of _ol1_ol_2 were screened in F_2, and the colorimetric separation of the seed coat of 64 F_2: 3 lines was tested by χ ~ 2. The results showed that in pure-color peanuts, the flower-spotted peanut conformed to 9: 7 at the level of 0.05, while the flower-spot trait in peanut seed coat was controlled by two pairs of complementary genes. When the two pairs of genes were dominant at the same time, the seed coat showed a solid color. Genes at least one pair of recessive homozygous, the seed coat is manifested as piebald. The genotypes of 334 F03 porphyrins were identified by AS-PCR, and 29 individuals were obtained from 29 ol_1ol_1ol_2ol_2 genotypes. The results of gas chromatography showed that the GC value of F4 seeds oil ranged from 70.77% to 82.87% and the oleic acid / linoleic acid ranged from 8.15 to 26.30. The main stem of F4 population was 12.4 ~ 87.3 cm in height, with an average of 57.2 cm, which was 34.97% higher than that of Jiyua 2. The first collateral branch was 91.6 ~ 196.3 cm in length with an average of 134.1 cm, which was 34.28% higher than that of the control. The average weight per plant, per plant weight and plant per plant of fresh F5 germplasm were (27.16 ± 9.51) g, (22.11 ± 10.26), (20.10 ± 7.17) g and (31.94 ± 15.16). New germplasm 9-7, 14-2, 14-3, 17-3 and 17-7 were both red and white spotted seed coat, which increased 230.02%, 165.80% and 210.66 The results showed that the GC values of oleic acid were 80.54%, 81.75%, 80.63%, 81.3% and 81.56%, respectively, which increased by 280.00%, 340.00%, 450.00%, 210.00% and 150.00% %. The germplasm not only has high content of oleic acid, but also has health care value. It is of great practical significance to enrich the genetic diversity of high-oleic peanut in China.