秦末汉初,长期的战乱使得社会经济凋敝,刚刚建立的西汉政权百废待兴。与此同时,北方的少数民族政权——匈奴屡次南侵中原。西汉的几位统治者为了巩固国内政权,恢复民生经济,在对匈奴的关系上采取“和”与“战”的双重战略,以“和”为主导。文章拟就西汉初期与匈奴的关系演变作一梳理,并总结其意义。 At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the early Han Dynasty, long-term wars made the social economy languish and the Western Han Dynasty regime just set up was in full swing. In the meantime, the Huns, the minority ethnic political power in the north, have repeatedly invaded the Central Plains. In order to consolidate the domestic political power and restore people’s livelihood, several rulers of the Western Han Dynasty adopted a dual strategy of “and ” and “war ” in the relations with the Huns, led by “and ”. The article intends to sort out the evolution of the relationship between the Western Han Dynasty and the Huns and sum up its significance.