根据世界卫生组织 (WHO)估计 ,世界人口中有 1/ 3即2 0亿例感染结核菌 ,儿童中每年约有结核病人 130万例发病 ,每年有 4 5万例患儿死于结核病。我国是结核病高发地区之一[1] 。儿童结核病缺乏特异症状和体征 ,不易早期诊断。儿童原发肺结核最具特征性的病理、临床和X线特征是纵 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one third of the world’s population, or 20 billion, are infected with tuberculosis. About 1.3 million tuberculosis cases occur each year among children, and 45 million children die each year from tuberculosis. My country is one of the high incidence of tuberculosis [1]. Tuberculosis in children lack of specific symptoms and signs, not easy to diagnose early. The most characteristic pathological, clinical and radiological features of primary pulmonary tuberculosis in children are longitudinal