封建专制时代,往往在一个朝代的前半期,因统治者的明察和谨慎,宦官不容易干预国政;但到了后半期,由于统治者的昏庸无能或外戚的专权,很容易使宦官得到干预朝政的机会。在我国历史上,东汉、唐朝和明朝的后半期,都发生过这类事情。而宦官秘书权倾内外,祸乱朝政,则是明朝特有的现象。 明朝初期,对宦官的管束和防范是很严的。鉴于历代宦官专权、危害朝政的教训,明太祖朱元璋严禁宦官干政,规定宦官不得兼任外臣文武衔,不得御外臣冠服,宦官任内职不得超出四品,甚至特别规定 In feudal autocracy, the eunuchs did not easily intervene in state affairs during the first half of a dynasty because of the clear and cautious rulers. In the second half, however, it is easy for the eunuchs to intervene in their affairs because of the rudeness of the rulers or their exclusive rights opportunity. In the history of our country, this kind of thing happened in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty and the latter half of the Ming Dynasty. The eunuch secretary right dumping both inside and outside, disasters and government, it is unique to the Ming Dynasty phenomenon. Early Ming Dynasty, the control and guard against the eunuch is very strict. In view of the previous eunuchs authoritarian, endangering the lessons of the government, the Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang strictly forbade the eunuch to governs politics, stipulates that the eunuch may not concurrently minister of foreign military and civilian rank, may not be royal minister foreign service, eunuch serving any post may not exceed the four products, and even special provisions