1931年日本关东军蓄谋发动了“九一八”事变。蒋介石采取不抵抗政策,短短4个多月,整个东北和内蒙古东部地区的大好河山,被日军占领。1933年2月,日军向热河进犯,省主席汤玉麟惊惶失措,不战而逃。日军轻而易举地占领省会承德,全省沦陷。日本侵略军随即南下,企图突破长城军事要隘,侵略华北。造成北平(1928年北京改名为北平)危急,华北告急。 In 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army plotted to launch the “September 18” incident. Chiang Kai-shek adopted a policy of no resistance, as long as 4 months, the entire northeastern region and eastern Inner Mongolia great rivers and mountains, the Japanese occupation. February 1933, the Japanese attacked Jehol, provincial governor Tang Yulin panic-stricken, fled without a fight. The Japanese easily occupied the capital of Chengde, the province fell. Immediately southward, the Japanese aggressor troops tried to break the military pass of the Great Wall and invaded North China. As a result, Peiping (renamed Peiping in 1928 in Beijing) was in critical condition and North China was in an emergency.