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恩格斯说:当国家权力沿着经济发展的相反方向起作用的时候,“能给经济发展造成巨大的损害,并能引起大量的人力和物力的浪费。”在这一理论的指导下,探讨清政府的闭关政策对中国的社会经济、科学文化的发展所起的阻碍作用,以致形成近代中国落后挨打的局面。一、闭关政策的社会历史根源“闭关”一词的含义是指关闭城门,闭关政策指的就是清政府限制和禁止对交通、贸易的政策。其实,这种政策不仅限于对外贸易和外交领域,而且在经济、文化上都带有与世隔绝和盲目排外的倾向,清政府为何要闭关?第一,清政府依然遵循重农抑商政策。
Engels said: When “state power” is acting in the opposite direction of economic development, “it can cause tremendous damage to economic development and cause a great deal of waste of manpower and material resources.” Under the guidance of this theory, To explore the blocking effect of the Qing government’s retreat policy on the development of China’s social economy, science and culture, so as to create the situation of backward China being beaten in recent times. I. The Social and Historical Roots of the Closure Policy The meaning of the word “retreat” refers to the closure of the gate. The policy of retreat is the policy of the Qing government to restrict and prohibit traffic and trade. In fact, this policy is not limited to the field of foreign trade and diplomacy. It is also economically and culturally isolated from the rest of the world and is blindly excluded from the rest. Why does the Qing government want to retreat? First, the Qing government still follows the policy of focusing on agriculture and suppressing commerce.