虽然在西方与中国的历史上,未成年人的道德景象和道德境况各有不同,~①但是,在西方自16世纪以来、中国自20世纪初以来,特别是20世纪下半叶以来,随着社会对未成年人的逐渐发现,人们对未成年人的历史际遇和现实地位进行了深刻反思。在此基础上,不论是西方还是中国,不论是未成年人的实际道德境遇还是社会对未成年人的看法和态度,出现了一种西方和中国合流或者说趋于一致的迹象。有关国际组织、各个国家和民族以及广大民众都已经认识到,未成年人是一个与成年人完全不同的存在,因此,未成年人既是一个需要保护的对象,又具有自己不可替代的地 Although the ethical and moral conditions of minors are different in the history of the West and of China, ① since the 16th century in the West, since the early 20th century, especially since the latter half of the 20th century, With the gradual discovery of minors in society, people have conducted profound rethinkings on the historical situation and the status of minors. On this basis, whether in the West or in China, the actual moral conditions of minors and the views and attitudes of the community toward minors, there is a sign of the convergence of the West and China or their agreement with one another. The relevant international organizations, nations and peoples as well as the general public have come to realize that a minor is a completely different existence from an adult. Therefore, a minor is not only an object to be protected, but also has its own irreplaceable ground