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一、北极地区生物概况1.北极地区的植物北极地区有3000多种地衣,500多种苔藓,各种开花植物多达900种。夏季,点缀在漫漫沼泽上的植物,构成了色彩斑斓的世界。在北纬80°左右的格陵兰岛北部地区,仍可看到90多种开花植物,这是地球上纬度最高的开花植物。北极地区最有经济意义的陆生植物资源是泰加林的木材。逐渐向北,树木越来越稀、越小,直至消失。这时,矮小的灌木、多年生禾草、地衣、苔藓则转为优势。极地的这种植物群落被称为苔原。苔原是寒带植物的代表,它分布于北冰洋沿岸,在亚欧大陆北部和北美洲北部形成一个环绕北极大致连续的地带。2.北极地区的动物北极地区有120多种鸟类,一到夏天,几乎所有的候鸟都涌向了北极。生活在北极的鸟类主要有三大类,其中,涉水的水禽约有43种,野鸭、鹅等猎鸟20多种,海鸥及信天翁等30多种。北极地区海域里的鲸类只有6种,数量远不及南大洋,但北冰洋中的角鲸、白鲸却是鲸类中最珍贵的品种。水域中还有上百万只各种海豹,20万头海象及众多的鱼类。
First, the Arctic biology Overview 1. Arctic plants Arctic region has more than 3000 kinds of lichens, more than 500 kinds of moss, all kinds of flowering plants up to 900 species. Summer, dotted with plants in the long swamp, constitute a colorful world. In the northern part of Greenland, about 80 ° north latitude, more than 90 species of flowering plants are still visible. This is the highest flowering plant on earth. The most economically important terrestrial plant resource in the Arctic is the Teghalin wood. Gradually north, the trees become thinner and thinner, until they disappear. At this time, the short shrubs, perennial grasses, lichen and moss turn into advantages. This polar plant community is called the tundra. Tundra is a representative of the frigid plant, which is located in the Arctic coast, in northern Eurasia and northern North America to form a generally continuous Arctic around the strip. 2. Animals in the Arctic There are over 120 species of birds in the Arctic. As of summer, almost all migratory birds flock to the North Pole. There are three main types of birds living in the North Pole. Among them, there are about 43 waterfowl wadings, more than 20 species of wild ducks, geese and other game birds, and 30 species of seagulls and albatrosses. There are only 6 species of whales in the Arctic, far less than the Southern Ocean. However, the whales and belugas in the Arctic Ocean are the most precious species of whales. There are also millions of seals, 200,000 walrus and many fish in the water.