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改革开放之初,东北地区制造业占全国的20%,东北工业,特别是辽宁工业与上海并重,成为我国工业经济的领头羊。而大庆油田仅一年的利税就相当于全国烟草业的利税收入。1980年以来,东北地区由于重工业比例大、国有企业比重大,很快在全国轻工业(大部分可以理解为第三产业)、非国有经济快速发展的态势中落伍。接下来,大批国有企业关门,工人下岗。这种情况被学术界认为是第一次“东北现象”。
At the beginning of the reform and opening up, the manufacturing industry in Northeast China accounted for 20% of the national total. Northeast industries, especially Liaoning’s industry and Shanghai, took the lead and became the leaders of China’s industrial economy. Daqing Oilfield only one year’s profits and taxes is equivalent to the national tobacco industry profits and taxes. Since 1980, due to the large proportion of heavy industry and the large proportion of state-owned enterprises in the northeast region, they soon fell behind in the rapid development of non-state-owned economy in the country’s light industry (most can be understood as the tertiary industry). Next, a large number of state-owned enterprises closed and workers laid off. This situation is considered by academic circles as the first “northeast phenomenon”.