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大气污染物中可吸入颗粒物PM2.5与PM10的理化特征与吸入浓度对呼吸系统存在较大影响,可降低呼吸道防御能力、加重呼吸道及肺的炎性损伤。儿童呼吸道具有较成年人特殊的生理解剖特点,且儿童成长发育期的全身免疫功能尚未发育完全。饮食单一、营养不良、微量元素摄入不足等均可导致儿童基础免疫力降低。该文结合小儿呼吸道生理解剖特点及免疫、饮食营养因素,对小儿常见呼吸道疾病发病与大气污染特征的相关性予以综述。
The physical and chemical characteristics and inhalation concentration of inhalable particles PM2.5 and PM10 in air pollutants have a greater impact on the respiratory system, which can reduce the respiratory defense ability and aggravate the respiratory tract and lung inflammatory injury. Children’s respiratory tract than adults with special physiological anatomical features, and children’s growth and development of systemic immune function has not yet fully developed. A single diet, malnutrition, inadequate intake of trace elements can lead to lower children’s basic immunity. This article reviews the physiological characteristics of children with respiratory tract anatomy and immune, dietary nutrition factors, the incidence of common respiratory diseases in children and the relevance of air pollution characteristics are reviewed.