国有企业的问题症结究竟在哪里?过去,人们常常归结为企业缺乏自主权和激励机制,因而改革的主要思路便是放权让利;现在,往往又单纯归咎于产权关系不明晰,因而又把希望寄托在明晰产权的改革上。林毅夫、蔡、李周则认为,国有企业的症结在于不平等竞争条件下形成的预算软约束,企业改革的核心应是创造公平竞争的环境。 Where are the problems of state-owned enterprises? In the past, people often attributed to the lack of autonomy and incentive mechanisms of enterprises, so the main idea of ​​reform is to decentralize power; now, it is often simply attributed to the lack of clarity of property rights relations, and therefore pinning hopes. In clarifying the reform of property rights. Lin Yifu, Cai, and Li Zhou believe that the crux of state-owned enterprises lies in the soft budget constraints formed under the conditions of unfair competition. The core of enterprise reform should be to create a level playing field.