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目的研究北京城乡地区人群脉络膜色素痣患病率及相关影响因素。设计以人群为基础的横断面研究。研究对象2001年北京眼病研究基线调查4439人,本研究纳入其中有可评估眼底照片的4277人。方法对研究人群进行问卷及详细的眼科检查。散瞳45度服底照相.通过阅读眼底照片诊断脉络膜色素痣。主要指标脉络膜色素痣患病率,脉络膜色素痣的大小、位置。结果按人计算,脉络膜色素痣患病率为2.9%(126/4277),按眼计算为1.5%(127/8477)。男性患病率(3.9%)高于女性(2.2%)(X~2=10.78,P=0.001,OR=1.78;95%CI:1.26,2.52).农村(3.8%)高于城区(2.3%)(X~2=7.631,P=0.006,OR=1.62,95%CI:1.15,2.29),各年龄段患病率无显著差异(X~2=0.589,P=0.90)。脉络膜色素痣最大径为0.51～3.46 mm,中位数1.27 mm。未检测到典型的脉络膜色素痣恶变体征。在Logistic回归分析中,仅性别与脉络膜色素痣患病率呈显著相关性(P=0.02)。结论40岁以上中国人脉络膜色素痣患病率为2.9%.低于高加索人。大多数脉络膜色素痣均较小,无典型恶变征兆。
Objective To study the prevalence of choroid nevus in urban and rural areas in Beijing and its influencing factors. Design a population-based cross-sectional study. Participants In the study, there were 4,839 baseline Beijing eye diseases survey conducted in 2001, and 4277 people with fundus photographs were included in the study. Methods Questionnaires and detailed eye examinations were performed on the study population. Mydriasis 45 degrees at the bottom of the photo by reading the fundus photographs to diagnose choroidal nevus. The main indicators of the prevalence of choroidal nevus, choroidal nevus size, location. Results On a per-patient basis, the prevalence of choroidal nevus was 2.9% (126/4277) and 1.5% (127/8477) per eye. The prevalence of males (3.9%) was higher than that of females (2.2%) (X = 2 = 10.78, P = 0.001, OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.26,2.52) ) (X ~ 2 = 7.631, P = 0.006, OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.15,2.29). There was no significant difference in all age groups (X ~ 2 = 0.589, P = 0.90). The largest diameter of choroidal nevus was 0.51 ~ 3.46 mm, the median was 1.27 mm. No typical signs of choroidal neoplasia were detected. In Logistic regression analysis, only the gender and the prevalence of choroidal nevus were significantly correlated (P = 0.02). Conclusions The prevalence of choroid nevus in Chinese over 40 years old is 2.9%, lower than Caucasians. Most choroidal nevus are small, no typical signs of malignancy.