一、文明史观文明史观,通常被称为文明史研究范式,是研究历史的一种理论模式。文明史观认为,一部人类社会发展史从本质上说就是人类文明演进的历史。从横向看,人类文明史的内涵包括物质文明、政治文明和精神文明;从纵向看,人类文明经历了渔猎采集时代、农业文明时代(包括新石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代)、工业文明时代(包括手工工场时代、蒸汽时代、电气时代和信息时 First, the concept of civilization historical concept of civilization, usually called the history of civilized paradigm, is a theoretical model of history. According to the historical view of civilization, the history of the development of a human society is essentially the history of the evolution of human civilization. From a horizontal perspective, the connotation of the history of human civilization includes material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization. From a vertical perspective, human civilization has undergone the fishing and hunting era, the agricultural civilization era (including the Neolithic Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age), the era of industrial civilization (Including handmade workshop era, steam era, electrical age and information