目前国际上自然保护地的资金投入规模远远低于实际需求,未来融资机制需要创新,包括吸引和利用外部资金、鼓励自行经营创收、基于保护地产品或服务的市场交易收费等,其中鼓励创收主要指的是财政手段(例如生态税)、收益共享机制、管理成本共担机制、金融交易(例如碳排放交易)等。政治领域的制度规范、经济领域的市场、价格政策等都会影响保护地的融资机制,保护地未来的融资机制将更多地依赖于财政、金融、市场、贸易相互结合的多元化融资手段。我国自然保护区目前存在资金来源结构不合理、资金规模太小,支出结构不合理、缺乏周边社区补偿和收益共享机制等问题。为此,作者提出以下建议:(1)确保中央财政承担国家级自然保护区的主要管理经费;(2)在充分发挥生态旅游服务付费、资源使用付费等传统产品(服务)收费型融资手段的基础上,建立和完善生态系统服务付费、森林碳汇交易和保护区绿色产品认证等新的市场交易型融资渠道;(3)利用境外资金提升我国自然保护区的能力建设;(4)积极争取国内不同社会团体的资金支持,条件允许的保护区可通过多方联合治理模式建立管理成本共担机制以及与周边社区的收益共享机制。(5)在资金使用方面,在保障保护区工作人员基本薪酬福利的前提下,将剩余资金包括经营收入优先用于核心保护业务的投资上,同时加强资金的监管。 At present, the scale of investment in natural reserves in the world is far below the actual demand. Future financing mechanisms need to be innovated, which include attracting and utilizing external funds, encouraging revenue-generating businesses and market transaction fees based on protected products or services, among which encouraging revenue generation Mainly refers to the fiscal means (such as eco-tax), revenue sharing mechanism, management cost sharing mechanism, financial transactions (such as carbon emissions trading). Institutional rules and regulations in the political field, markets in the economic field, and price policies all will affect the financing mechanism for protected areas. The financing mechanism for the future protected areas will rely more on diversified financing methods in which finance, finance, markets and trade are integrated with each other. At present, there are some problems in nature reserves in our country, such as unreasonable sources of funds structure, too small capital scale, unreasonable expenditure structure, lack of compensation for surrounding communities and income sharing mechanism. To this end, the author proposes the following suggestions: (1) To ensure that the central government will take the major management expenses of national nature reserves; (2) To make full use of the toll-based financing methods of traditional products (services) such as eco-tourism service fees and resource use fees Based on the establishment and improvement of ecosystem services payment, forest carbon sinks trading and protected areas green product certification and other new market transaction financing channels; (3) the use of offshore funds to enhance the capacity of China’s natural reserve; (4) actively strive for The funding support from different social groups in China and the protected areas allowed by conditions can establish a management mechanism of cost sharing and revenue sharing with the surrounding communities through a multi-party joint governance model. (5) In respect of the use of funds, under the premise of guaranteeing the basic remuneration and welfare of the staff in the reserve, the remaining funds, including operating income, will be prioritized for investment in core protection business while strengthening the supervision of funds.