“亚当·斯密问题”之所以引起学术界长达百年的兴趣与论争,实则在于其自身所蕴涵的现实世界中人们利益需要与道德需要的分离与偏颇,而斯密问题能否被真正解决,对于市场经济自身存在的合法性以及人们在市场经济体制中如何安身立命都具有根本的意义。文章在对“亚当·斯密问题”进行澄明与解读之后提出,中国所追求的市场经济应该是斯密所理想的在道德基础之上运用市场机制调节的好市场经济。 “Adam Smith problem ” causes the academia to have hundred years of interest and controversy, but lies in its own real world in which the interests and needs of the people are separated and biased, and whether the Smith problem can be Truly resolved, for the legitimacy of the existence of the market economy and people in the market economy, how to make their own lives have a fundamental significance. After clarifying and interpreting Adam Smith, the article proposed that the market economy pursued by China should be the ideal market economy modeled by Smith on the basis of morality and using market mechanisms.