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一、前言岩石破裂特性的研究是岩石力学中的一个重要课题。岩石破裂特性与应力途径及应力条件有关。不同应力途径或应力条件下岩石破裂过程的研究,对于揭示岩石破裂机制、工程岩体稳定性、地震预报及灾害的防治、采油、采矿的控制等方面的研究都有着重要的意义。研究岩石破裂的常规方法比较重视试件受力下产生的线应变及由此推算出的体积应变随应力差的变化规律。同时亦观察微破裂产生的声发射现象(如AE的频度与能量等),以及超声脉冲波的传播速度、电阻率、磁导率等物理量的变化以及与应力-应变的关系。
I. INTRODUCTION The study of rock fracture characteristics is an important issue in rock mechanics. Rock fracture characteristics are related to stress pathways and stress conditions. The study of rock failure processes under different stress pathways or stress conditions is of great significance for revealing the mechanism of rock fracture, stability of engineering rock mass, earthquake prediction and disaster prevention, oil recovery, and mining control. Conventional methods for studying rock fractures place greater emphasis on the line strains generated by the specimens and the resulting changes in volume strain vs. stress differences. At the same time, we also observed the acoustic emission phenomena (such as the frequency and energy of AE) caused by micro-cracks, and the changes in the physical speeds, such as the propagation speed, resistivity, and permeability of ultrasonic pulse waves, and the stress-strain relationship.