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技术进步对中性技术进步的偏离导致要素相对边际产出的变化,可能是劳动收入份额下降的重要因素。文章基于不变替代弹性CES生产函数,构造反映技术进步方向偏离指标,从而估算了中国分地区技术进步类型。(1)分解显示资本利用型技术进步主导了最近二十年中国经济发展进程,技术进步偏离与劳动收入变迁亦步亦趋;(2)利用系统距估计GMM方法和纠偏LSDV方法对1993-2012年分地区经验研究表明,资本利用型技术进步对劳动收入比重的变化具有显著性、稳健性影响;(3)在此基础之上,文章进一步利用Wan(2006)方法分解了分地区技术进步对劳动收入的贡献,结果显示在样本区间内,资本利用型技术可以解释劳动收入比重变动的20%以上。
Deviation of technological progress from neutral technological progress leads to changes in the relative marginal product of factors, which may be an important factor in declining labor income share. Based on the constant substitution of elastic CES production function, the article constructs a deviation indicator of the direction of technological progress and thus estimates the types of technological progress in different regions of China. (1) Decomposition shows that the technological progress of capital utilization dominated the process of China’s economic development in the recent 20 years, with the gradual deviation of technological progress from that of labor income. (2) Using the systematic GMM method and the LSDV method to correct the sub-region Empirical studies show that the technological progress of capital-using has a significant and steady effect on the change of labor’s income proportion. (3) On this basis, the article further uses Wan (2006) method to decompose the effect of technological progress in different regions on labor income Contribution, the results show that in the sample interval, capital-based technology can explain the proportion of labor income changes more than 20%.