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乡族在近代中国基层水权运行与水权纠纷解决过程中扮演着重要的角色。较大的乡族会利用优势地位,控制水源、操纵水权分配、掌控水利组织、主导水利祭祀、垄断水权资料,进而控制地方社会。同时,乡族对水权运行和水权纠纷的态度以及配合程度对水权管理的影响极大。水权纠纷解决之后所面临的执行问题,对地方水利社会是一个真正的难题。而在这一过程中,如果分水方案对某一乡族不利,则会采取一切措施阻挠相关方案的实施;反之,则会积极配合。因此,乡族对水权运行、水权纠纷解决的作用是双重的,既有利于水权运行的一面,又有阻碍水权运行的一面。
The township plays an important role in the process of grassroots water rights operation and water rights dispute resolution in modern China. Larger villagers will take advantage of their dominant position to control water sources, manipulate the allocation of water rights, control the water organizations, and lead the water sacrifices, monopolize the water rights information, and then control the local community. At the same time, the attitude and coordination of the clans to the disputes over the operation of water rights and water rights have a great impact on water rights management. The implementation of the issue of water rights dispute resolution is a real challenge to local water conservancy. In the process, if the diversion scheme is detrimental to a particular tribe, all measures will be taken to obstruct the implementation of the relevant programs; on the other hand, it will be actively coordinated. Therefore, the role of the clan in resolving the water rights operation and the water rights dispute is twofold, which is not only beneficial to the operation of water rights, but also hinders the operation of water rights.