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目的了解出国人员在咨询前对预防接种知识的认知情况,有的放矢地做好旅行医学咨询工作。方法自行设计问卷,在14个国际旅行卫生保健中心随机选取即将出国的旅行者为调查对象,进行问卷调查。按照性别、年龄、地域、受教育程度、是否首次旅行等不同组别,对预防接种知识和信息获取情况进行比较分析。结果共获得有效问卷2 800份。出国人员对预防接种的平均知晓率为75.2%,受教育程度和过去的旅行经验对知晓率有正向影响。旅行相关预防接种信息的获取方式,各组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001);签证要求是旅行者寻求接种咨询的主要原因,旅行社或中介公司是旅行相关预防接种的第二大信息源。出国人员对疫苗的副作用认知度介于73.3%~83.1%;仅51.1%的人了解在出国前应提前4~8周进行旅行医学咨询和接种相关预防。对单项疫苗的认知调查显示,除对乙型肝炎及其疫苗的知晓率较高(53.7%)外,出国人员对其他旅行相关疫苗可预防疾病的知晓率仅为17.3%~36.5%。结论出国人员对预防接种相关知识的平均知晓率尚可,但仍有必要开展预防接种以及接种的咨询、宣教活动;宣教活动不应忽视现阶段中国旅行者的信息获取习惯。预防接种推介时需关注旅行者的受教育程度、旅行经验、居住地域和性别的差异。
Objectives To understand the cognitive status of knowledge about vaccination before leaving the country for counseling and to do a good job in consulting on travel medicine. Methods The questionnaire was designed by ourselves, and travelers who were going abroad were selected randomly from 14 international travel health centers to conduct questionnaire survey. According to gender, age, geographical, educational level, whether the first trip, and other different groups, vaccination knowledge and access to information for comparative analysis. Results A total of 2 800 valid questionnaires were obtained. The average awareness rate of vaccination among overseas staff was 75.2%. The level of education and past travel experience had a positive impact on the rate of awareness. Travel-related vaccination information was obtained with statistically significant differences among groups (P <.0001); visa requirements were the main reason travelers sought vaccination counseling, and travel agents or agencies were the second largest travelers-related vaccination source. The awareness of the side effects of the vaccine abroad was between 73.3% and 83.1%; only 51.1% of the respondents knew that travel medicine consultation and vaccination-related prevention should be conducted 4 to 8 weeks in advance before leaving the country. Awareness surveys of individual vaccines have shown that except for those with a high awareness of hepatitis B and its vaccines (53.7%), the awareness of those traveling abroad about the other vaccine-preventable diseases is only 17.3% to 36.5%. Conclusion The average knowledgeable rate of vaccination among overseas staff is acceptable. However, it is still necessary to conduct vaccination and propaganda counseling and propaganda activities. The propaganda activities should not neglect the habits of Chinese travelers at this stage. Prophylactic vaccination needs to focus on travelers’ education, travel experience, geographic area of residence and gender differences.