大科学是第二次世界大战以来科学发展的现代模式。科学在本世纪以来的迅猛发展极大地影响了人类社会的结构和人类生存方式。世界规模的军事需求,急迫地将现代科学与军事技术紧密结合起来。科学技术成为发展国力和战争取胜的重要前提。“曼哈顿”计划的实施与“成功”成为“大科学”到来的重大标志和“大科学”体制的第一个成功案例。国外科学社会学家和科学史家对于“大科学”的发展给予了充分的注意,进行了一系列理论探索和案例分析,其中贝尔纳《科学的社会功能》一书宣告了大科学时代的到来;普赖 The great science is the modern mode of scientific development since the Second World War. The rapid development of science in this century has greatly affected the structure of human society and the way of human existence. The world-scale military needs urgently combine modern science with military technology. Science and technology have become important preconditions for developing national strength and winning wars. The implementation and “success” of “Manhattan” plan have become the major symbol of the arrival of “big science” and the first successful case of the “big science” system. Foreign scientific sociologists and historians of science paid full attention to the development of “big science” and conducted a series of theoretical explorations and case studies. Among them, Bernard Bernard “The Social Functions of Science” proclaimed the advent of the great science era; Pui Lai