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NK细胞表面表达非抗原特异性的受体。按分子结构分类,NK细胞受体可分为Ig超家族和C型凝集素超家族。按其介导的功能,可分为NK细胞激活性受体(NKAR)与NK细胞抑制性受体(NKIR)。NKAR包括介导ADCC的CD16,介导自然杀伤的NKR-P1、与DAP12相偶联的KAR,以及协同刺激受体等。它们多依赖胞浆内ITAM模体传递激活信号。NKIR主要包括KIR与CD94/NKG2复合体,其特异性配体为MHC-I类分子,与NK细胞识别自体细胞密切相关。NKIR需要与NKAR共聚,借助胞浆内的ITIM模体来抑制激活性受体的活化及NK细胞的细胞毒作用。
NK cell surface expression of non-antigen-specific receptors. By molecular structure classification, NK cell receptors can be divided into Ig superfamily and C-type lectin superfamily. According to its function, it can be divided into NK cell activating receptor (NKAR) and NK cell inhibitory receptor (NKIR). NKAR includes CD16 that mediates ADCC, NKR-P1 that mediates natural killer, KAR that is coupled to DAP12, and costimulatory receptors. They rely more on intracellular ITAM motifs to deliver activation signals. NKIR mainly includes KIR and CD94 / NKG2 complex, the specific ligand for MHC-I molecules, and NK cells are closely related to the identification of autologous cells. NKIR needs to be co-polymerized with NKAR to inhibit the activation of activating receptors and cytotoxicity of NK cells with the intracytoplasmic ITIM motif.